Unit 2

Question 1

toluene

Answer 1

methyl substituent

Question 2

benzoic acid

Answer 2

CO2H

Question 3

Benzaldehyde

Answer 3

CHO

Question 4

Phenol

Answer 4

OH

Question 5

Aniline

Answer 5

NH2

Question 6

ortho

Answer 6

1:2

Question 7

meta

Answer 7

1:3

Question 8

para

Answer 8

1:4

Question 9

friedel crafts alkylation limitation 1

Answer 9

carbocation rearrangements are often observed
ex: primary –> tertiary carbon

Question 10

friedel crafts alkylation limitation 2

Answer 10

mono-alkylation is difficult, often leading to polyalkylation

Question 11

to improve mono-alkylation:

Answer 11

use excess benzene

Question 12

friedel crafts alkylation limitation 3

Answer 12

aromatic compounds with electron withdrawing groups (EWG) do not react

ex: NO2, N+R3, COOH, CORaws

Question 13

adding () makes the benzene more reactive

Answer 13

electron donating groups (EDG)

Question 14

adding () makes the benzene less reactive

Answer 14

electron withdrawing groups (EWG)

Question 15

wolf-kishner selective for

Answer 15

all ketone carbonyls - reduces to methylenes

Question 16

catalytic hydrogenation reduces

Answer 16

benzylic carbonyls to methylenes and resuces imines to primary amines

Question 17

increase acidity by

Answer 17

adding electron withdrawing groups

Question 18

decrease acidity by

Answer 18

adding electron donating groups