Unit 2

Question 1

What are the compartments of the skull?

Answer 1

Cranial cavity, ears, orbits, nasal cavity, and oral cavity.

Question 2

Functional units of the skull?

Answer 2

Face and scalp, the eye, the ear, the brain, nasal cavity, oral cavity, larynx, and masticatory apparatus.

Question 3

Neurocranium

Answer 3

Braincase/vault

Question 4

Splanchnocranium

Answer 4

Face

Question 5

Basicranium

Answer 5

Cranial base

Question 6

What is the neck muscle that divides the muscular triangles of the neck?

Answer 6

Sternocleidomastoid m.

Question 7

Suprahyoid muscles…

Answer 7

elevate hyoid/ depress the mandible

Question 8

Infrahyoid muscles…

Answer 8

depress hyoid

Question 9

What are the cranial nerves?
(On Old Olympus Towering Tops A Friendly Viking Grew Vines And Hops)

Answer 9

Olfactory, optic, oculomotor, trochlear, trigeminal, abducent, facial, vestibulocochlear, glossopharyngeal, vagus, spinal accessory, and hypoglossal.

Question 10

What are the nervous system associations of the cranial nerves in order?

Answer 10

Some Say Money Matters But My Brother Says Big Brains Matter More (M=motor, S=sensory, B=both).

Question 11

Muscle of facial expression that allows for the forehead to wrinkle.

Answer 11

Occipitofrontalis (consists of the frontalis, epicranial aponeurosis, and the occipitalis).

Question 12

The layers of the scalp.

Answer 12

Skin, connective tissue, aponeurotic layer, loose connective tissue, and pericranium.

Question 13

Facial muscle that allows for closure of the eye.

Answer 13

Orbicularis oculi (orbital=forceful and palpebral=gentle)

Question 14

Facial muscle that purses the lips (Zoolander).

Answer 14

Orbicularis oris

Question 15

Facial muscle that allows you to smile.

Answer 15

Zygomaticus major

Question 16

Facial muscle that allows you to frown.

Answer 16

Depressor angularis oris

Question 17

Facial muscle holds food in mouth and expels air.

Answer 17

Buccinator

Question 18

Neurovascular supply…

Answer 18

V1 Ophthalmic nerve (somatic sensory; frontal to nose), V2 maxillary nerve (somatic sensory; front of cheeks) V3 mandibular nerve (somatic sensory and motor to muscle of mastication).

Question 19

What are the bones of the eye orbit?

Answer 19

The frontal, zygomatic, sphenoid, maxilla, ethmoid, lacrimal, and palatine.

Question 20

What are the extraocular muscles of the eye?

Answer 20

Levatar palpebrae superioris, Rectus muscle (CNVI): lateral, medial, superior, and inferior, and the obliques: Inferior and superior.

Question 21

What are the types of movement of the eye?

Answer 21

Abduction/adduction, elevation/depression, and internal/external rotation.

Question 22

What are the layers of the eye?

Answer 22

Fibrous (sclera and cornea), Vascular (choroid, ciliary body, and iris), Retina (optic disc, macula Latea and fovea centralis).

Question 23

Look at picture of visual field and identify…

Answer 23

Temporal FOV, nasal FOV, left optic nerve, right optic nerve, left optic tract, right optic tract, and the optic chiasm.

Question 24

What is the pupillary light reflex controlled by? What is the contra lateral reflex?

Answer 24

Optic (CNII) and Oculomotor (CNIII - parasympathetic). When light shines in one eye, the other eye reacts as well.

Question 25

The basic parts of the brain are...

Answer 25

The hindbrain (cerebellum, medulla, and pons), the middlebrain, and the forebrain (cerebrum, hypothalamus, and thalamus).

Question 26

What is gray matter?

Answer 26

The area where the body of a brain cell is located (the inside).

Question 27

What is white matter?

Answer 27

The area where the axon of a brain cell is located (the outside).

Question 28

What are the lobes of the brain?

Answer 28

Frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital.

Question 29

What does the frontal lobe do?

Answer 29

planning, executive function, personality, speech, movement, and motor cortex.

Question 30

What does the parietal lobe do?

Answer 30

space and body/movement and organization, somatosensory cortex.

Question 31

What does the temporal lobe do?

Answer 31

perception of auditory information, memory, language, and speech.

Question 32

What does the occipital lobe do?

Answer 32

vision and visual processing - somatosensory cortex (like two headbands).

Question 33

What are the main language areas of the brain? What do they do?

Answer 33

Broca's area (speech production), and Wernicke's area (language comprehension).

Question 34

What are the subcortical areas of the brain? What do they do?

Answer 34

Basal ganglia (initiation of movement), hippocampus (memory formation and storage, and navigation), and amygdala (emotion processing).

Question 35

What are the routes of blood supply to the brain? Where do they meet up?

Answer 35

Vertebral artery and internal carotid artery; Circle of Willis

Question 36

What is the corpus collosum unique to?

Answer 36

Eutherian mammals (placental mammals).

Question 37

What is the encephalization quotient?

Answer 37

The ratio between body mass and brain mass.

Question 38

What are the structures of the middle ear?

Answer 38

The external acoustic meatus (ear canal), tympanic membrane, and the auditory ossicles (malleus, incus, and stapes).

Question 39

What are the structures of the inner ear?

Answer 39

Semicircular canals (balance) and the cochlea (hearing).

Question 40

The Malleus evolved from the ___.

Answer 40

Articular

Question 41

The incus evolved from the ___.

Answer 41

Quadrate