- Hepatotoxicity - peripheral neuropathy - CNS, GI effects -Allergies

Unit 2 Flashcards by Ruby Trella

Metronidazole (Flagyl)

Indication for use

CNS, abdominal organs, bones, joints, skin, and soft tissue bacterial infections
colorectal, abdominal, gynecology surgery prophylaxis
C. difficle infections

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Propranolol (Inderal)

Class

Pharmacologic: nonselective beta-adrenergic agonist
Therapeutic: first-generation beta blocker

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Isoniazid

ADE

Hepatotoxicity
peripheral neuropathy
CNS, GI effects
-Allergies

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Cancer chemotherapy safety alerts

High alert medication: can cause devastating effects to patients in the event of a medication error
Hazardous drug requiring special handling

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Leuprolide (Lupron)

Class

Pharmacologic: GnRH agonist
Therapeutic: androgen deprivation therapy/prostate cancer

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Amphotericin B (AmBisome)

indication for use

systemic fungal infections

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Penicillin G

cross-sensitivity

to cephalosporins

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Cyclophosphamide (generic only)

class

Pharmacologic: Alkylating agent
Therapeutic: Cytotoxic/anticancer

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Filgrastim (Neupogen)

lab values

can increase WBCs over 100,000 mm3

WBC differential (especially neutrophils)

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Cephalexin (Keflex)

ADE

hemolytic anemia
thrombophlebitis
bleeding
allergic reactions
C. diff infections
milk-protein hypersensitivity
carnitine deficiency

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Clonidine (Catapres)

ADE

Xerostemia
rebound hypertension
drowsiness
toxic in pregnancy
potential for abuse

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Warfarin (Coumadin)

lab values

INR 2-3

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Heparin (unfractionated)

indication for use

venous thrombosis
deep vein thrombosis
pulmonary embolism
pregnancy
renal dialysis
disseminated intravascular coagulation
open heart surgery

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Sumatriptan (Imitrex)

indication for use

migraine headaches

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Itraconazole (Sporanox)

class

Pharmacologic: Weakens the fungal cell wall: Azole
Therapeutic: broad-spectrum antifungal

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Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole [TMP/SMZ] (Bactrim, Septra)

potency

more potent together than separate

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Gentamicin

ADE

nephrotoxicity
ototoxicity

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Isoproterenol (Isuprel)

class

Pharmacologic: beta-selective adrenergic agonist
Therapeutic: sympathomimetic catecholamine

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Amoxicillin/clavulanate (Augmentin)

MOA

inhibits transpeptidases, activating autolysins to break down and destroy cell wall, resulting in bacterial ell lysis and death

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Oprelevkin (Interleukin-11)

MOA

Promotes proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells and megakaryocyte progenitor cells, which increases synthesis of megakaryocytes, creating many new platelets

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Ectoparasiticides

indication for use

lice
scabies
ticks
mites
fleas

Tetracycline

MOA

binds to 30s ribosomal subunits, stopping addition of amino acids to peptide chain, stopping protein synthesis, resulting in suppression of bacterial growth

Alteplase (Activase, tPA)

indication for use

acute MI
acute ischemic stroke
acute massive pulmonary embolism

Bethanechol (Urecholine)

Antidote

Atropine (AtroPen)

Imipenem (Primaxin) MOA

Binds to PBP 1 and PBP 2 receptors, weakens bacterial cell wall, rupturing and killing bacterial cell

Permethrin (Nix, Elimite) MOA

disrupts nerve traffic in parasite, causing paralysis and death

Interferon alfa 2A MOA

binds to cell-surface receptors, enhancing immune response, keeping G0 dormant stopping proliferation of cancer cells

Aspirin (ASA) class

Pharmacologic: COX Inhibitor Therapeutic: antiplatelet

Epoetin alfa (Epogen) MOA

stimulates production of red blood cells in the bone marrow

Dopamine (generic only) class

Pharmacologic: dose-dependent adrenergic agonist Therapeutic: sympathomimetic catecholamine

Albuterol (ventolin) MOA

binds to beta2 adrenergic receptors relaxes bronchial smooth muscle

Morphine (Duramorph) and Meperidine (Demerol) class

Pharmacologic: Pure opioid agonist Therapeutic: opioid analgesic

Metoprolol (lopressor) class

Pharmacologic: selective beta1 adrenergic antagonist Therapeutic: second generation beta blocker

Acyclovir (Zovirax) indication for use

Varicella zoster infections Mucocutaneous herpes simplex infections Herpes simplex genitalis

Ergotamine MOA

activates 5HT1b and d receptors of intracranial blood vessels, causing vasoconstriction, suppression of inflammatory neuropeptides

Prozosin (Minipress) ADE

orthostatic hypotension reflex tachycardia nasal congestion

Ciprofloxacin (Cipro) ADE

tendinitis/tendon rupture phototoxicity GI, CNS reactions C. diff infections Candida infections of pharynx/vagina

Rifampin (Rifadin) class

Pharmacologic: Bactericidal inhibitor of protein synthesis Therapeutic: Broad-spectrum antibiotic/antitubercular

Vancomycin (Vancocin) indication for use

MRSA and S. epidermidis infections C. diff infections Severe infections in patients allergic to beta-lactam antibiotics

Pancuronium therapeutic effect

Muscle relaxer for surgery, mechanical ventilation, endotracheal intubation

Epinephrine (Adrenalin) class

Pharmacologic: Adrenergic agonist Therapeutic: Sympathomimetic catecholamine

Methotrexate (Rheumatrex) class

Pharmacologic: Antimetabolite/folic acid analog Therapeutic: Cytotoxic/anticancer

Doxorubicin (adriamycin) indication for use

neoplastic diseases solid tumors and disseminated cancers Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas sarcomas of soft tissue and bone carcinomas of lung, stomach, breast, ovary, testes, thyroid

Erythromycin cytochrome P450

inhibits cytochrome P450 enzymes, stopping bacterial protein synthesis affects PQRST interval

Neostigmine (Bloxiverz) indication for use

Myasthenia gravis Reversal of competitive (nondepolarizing) neuromuscular blockade

Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) indication for use/timing

Indication: Influenza A and B Timing: 75mg 2x/day, effects within 48 hours

Tramadol (ultram) class

Pharmacologic: Non-opioid centrally acting agonist Therapeutic: Non-opioid analgesic

Tamoxifen (Soltamox) indication for use

treatment and prevention of breast cancer

Clopidogrel (Plavix) MOA

irreversibly blocks receptors on platelet stopping platelet aggregation

Nitrofurantoin (Macrobid) ADE

Peripheral neuropathy Hepatotoxicity birth defects hematologic effects pulmonary reactions GI effects