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MOTOR > UNIT 2 > Flashcards

UNIT 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Main word for flaccid dysarthria

A

weakness

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2
Q

causes of flaccid dysarthria

A

impairments of lower motor neurons in cranial or spinal nerves

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3
Q

characteristics of flaccid dysarthria

A

slow labored articulation, hypernasality, hoarse-breathy phonation, air is escaping

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4
Q

caused by any disorder that _____

A

disrupts flow of neural impulses along lower motor neurons that innervate muscles of respiration, phonation, articulation, prosody, or resonance

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5
Q

what are the 6 pairs of nerves that play a vital role in speech production

A

5, 7, 9, 10, 11,12

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6
Q

damage involved in flaccid dysarthria

A

brainstem stroke, growing tumor, viral or bacterial infection, physical trauma, surgical accidents

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7
Q

3 main branches of trigeminal nerve (5)

A

opthalmic, maxillary, mandibular

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8
Q

damage to trigeminal nerve can be ___

A

unilateral or bilateral

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9
Q

facial nerve (7)

A

branches from brainstem just below trigeminal nerve, dividing it into cerviofacial and temporofacial branch

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10
Q

damage to facial nerve….

A

can cause weakness or paralysis in all muscles on the same side of the face (drooping of eyelid, mouth, cheek, and other structures)

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11
Q

glossopharyngeal cranial nerve 9 2 main components

A

tongue and pharynx

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12
Q

innervation of glossopharyngeal nerve

A

stylopharyngeus and superior pharyngeal constrictor muscles

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13
Q

3 branches of cranial nerve

A

pharyngeal branch, external superior laryngeal branch, recurrent nerve branch

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14
Q

2 parts of accessory cranial nerve 11

A

neck and shoulders

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15
Q

where does accessory nerve originate from

A

in the medulla, just below vagus nerve

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16
Q

what does accessory nerve help innervate

A

intrinsic muscles of velum, pharynx, and larynx

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17
Q

damage to cranial components of access nerve…..

A

will affect vagus nerve and vice versa

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18
Q

where does hypoglossal nerve originate from

A

medulla

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19
Q

what does the hypoglossal nerve innervate

A

innervations all intrinsic and most extrinsic muslces of the tongue

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20
Q

damage to hypoglossal nerve results in,,,

A

weakness of tongue or paralysis

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21
Q

primary characteristic of hypoglossal nerve damage

A

imprecise articulation, phoneme distortion, or slow lingual movements

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22
Q

how many pairs of spinal nerves

A

31 pairs

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23
Q

one of the most important spinal nerve of respiration

A

phrenic nerve

24
Q

causes of flaccid dysarthria

A

disrupts the flow of motor impulses along cranial or spinal nerves that innervate muscles of speech production

25
Q

CONDITIONS THAT DAMAGE LOWER MOTOR NEURONS

A

physical trauma, brainstem stroke, myasthenia gravis, guillain-barre syndrome, polio

26
Q

physical trauma to cause flaccid dysarthria

A

surgical trauma w accidential cut of cranial nerve, head and neck injury

27
Q

brainstem stroke to cause flaccid dysarthria

A

occurs w interruption of blood flow to brain as artery breaks or is blocked, affects cranial nerves directly, possible for single brainstem stroke to damage more than 1 cranial nerve

28
Q

myasthenia gravis to cause flaccid dyasthria

A

affects neuromusclar junction, caused by antibodies that block/damage muscle tissue

29
Q

temporary treatment of mysathenia gravis for flaccid dysarthria

A

injection of edrophonium chloride

30
Q

what is myasthenia gravis

A

autoimmue disorder, where any voluntary muscles are affected, eyesm mouth, laryngeal structures

31
Q

symptoms of myasthenia gravis

A

rapid fatigue of muscular contractions over time

32
Q

assessment of myasthenia gravis

A

stress test, asking patient to count from 1-100 or to read lengthy paragraph

33
Q

guillian-bare syndrome

A

results in demyelization, occurs after certain kinds of infections and immunizations

34
Q

symptoms of gullian barre

A

flaccid dysarthria, dysphagia

35
Q

recovery of gullian barre

A

high recovery rate, lasting weeks or months, 5% die in acute stages

36
Q

polio

A

infectious viral disease that attacks cell bodies of lower motor neurons, most frequently affecting cervical and thoracic spinal nerves that cause labored inhalation during speech; shortened speech phrases; speaking on residual air; decreased loudness

37
Q

other causes of flaccid dysarthria

A

tumors growing in/near brainstem, muscular dystrophy, progressive bulbar palsy

38
Q

resonance and flaccid dysarthria

A

hypernasality, nasal emission, weak pressure consonants, shortened phrases

39
Q

articulation and flaccid dyasthria

A

imprecise consonant production, difficulty elevating jaw sufficiently to bring articulators into contact w each other

40
Q

phonation and flaccid dysarthria

A

phonatory incompetence, breathy quality,

41
Q

COMBINED PRESENCE OF ____

A

hypernasality and phonatory incompetence is strongest confirmatory sign of flaccid dysarthria

42
Q

most commonly affected speech mechanisms of flaccid dysarthria

A

resonance, articulation, phonation

43
Q

respiration and flaccid dysarthria

A

may or may not be a component, if it is present then it would be monoloudness and monopitch

44
Q

prosody and flaccid dysarthria

A

monopitch, monoloudness

45
Q

key evaluation tasks for flaccid dysarthria

A

conversational speech and reading, alternate motion rate, prolonged vowel, speech stress test

46
Q

traditional approach to treat motor speech disorders it to…

A

use assessment data to identify deficits, begin working with patients using appropriate treatment goals, increase complexity of tasks as patients improve, work toward generalization of improvements

47
Q

Rosenbek 6 additional recommendations

A

help patients recognize differences in speech, help patients have a willingness to change their speech, work closely with patients when setting goals of treatment, increasingly insist that patients are talking therapeutically in their sessions, ensure patients are learning to listen, evulate, and self correct, be sure to progressivley add congitive linguistic load

48
Q

treatment to improve strength

A

treatment is presented according to which cranial nerve or combination of nerves are damage, needs and abilities vary,

49
Q

damage to trigeminal nerve

A

unilateral (small effect on speech production) bilateral damage (rare, can leave jaw muscles very weak)

50
Q

damage to vagus nerve 10

A

affects glossopharyngeal and accessory cranial nerves

51
Q

treatment for resonsance

A

velar-strength training procedure

52
Q

what is velar strength training procedure

A

coughing, blow out through a straw, yawning, puff out cheeks, sucking in small amount of liquid, humming

53
Q

additional treatments for resonance

A

modification of speech, reduce rate, more open mouth position during speech, increase loudness

54
Q

treatments for phonation

A

pushing and pull procedure, holding breath, hard glottal attack, head turning and sideways pressure on the larynx

55
Q

treatment for prosodic deficits

A

pitch range exercises, intonation profile, contrastive stress drills, chunking utterances into syntactic units

56
Q

damage to facial nerve and hypoglossal cranial nerves

A

affects speech production primarily by decreasing lip strength and range of movement, traditional articulation drills often recommended, correct posture, compensatory prosthetic devices, speaking immediately on exhalation, cueing for complete inhalation

57
Q

MAIN WORDS FOR FLACCID

A

WEAKNESS!!!! SLOW- LABORED ARTICULATION, WEAKNESS/HYPONASALITY, BREATHY VOICE, AMR IS SLOW AND IRREGULAR, DAMAGE TO LOWER MOTOR NEURON

MOTOR (3 decks)

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