Unit 2

Question 1

wrote a book about uroscopy

Answer 1

hippocrates

Question 2

uroscopy means?

Answer 2

visual examination of urine

Question 3

dark yellow to brownish color of urine (disease)

Answer 3

jaundice

Question 4

red and foamy appearance (disease)

Answer 4

kidney disease

Question 5

blood in the patient’s urine (disease)

Answer 5

urinary tract tumors

Question 6

attract ants (disease)

Answer 6

diabetes

Question 7

color charts had been developed that described the significance of 20 different colors of urine

Answer 7

1140 ce

Question 8

discovered that a patient who has problems with kidney can have an increased protein which can be determined by boiling

Answer 8

frederik dekker

Question 9

what disease is a kidney problem with increased protein

Answer 9

albuminuria

Question 10

developed methods for quantitating microscopic sediment

Answer 10

thomas addis

Question 11

microscopic sediment

Answer 11

addis count

Question 12

year of the development of color charts

Answer 12

1950’s

Question 13

introduced urinalysis as part of the doctor’s routine patient examination

Answer 13

richard bright

Question 14

urine is comprised of approximately ________ water

Answer 14

95%

Question 15

characteristics of urine (1)

Answer 15

ultrafiltrate of plasma

Question 16

characteristic of urine (2)

Answer 16

readily available

Question 17

characteristic of urine (3)

Answer 17

easy to collect but must be collected properly, including timed or random specimens

Question 18

characteristic of urine (4)

Answer 18

inexpensively tested

Question 19

characteristic of urine (5)

Answer 19

can give significant information about the patient’s disease

Question 20

the testing of urine

Answer 20

urinalysis

Question 21

clsi

Answer 21

clinical laboratory and standard institute

Question 22

practice of examining urine for diagnostic purposes

Answer 22

urinalysis

Question 23

it aids in following the course or treatment of disease

Answer 23

urinalysis

Question 24

why perform urinalysis

Answer 24

for drug screening and aids in the diagnosis of the disease

Question 25

the urinary tract system consists of two bean-shaped kidneys, the ______ and ________.

Answer 25

ureters and urethra

Question 26

two bean-shaped organs located under diaphragm

Answer 26

kidneys

Question 27

weight of kidney

Answer 27

150g

Question 28

measurement of kidney

Answer 28

5cm x 12 cm

Question 29

function of kidney

Answer 29

remove wastes and excess water from the blood to form urine

Question 30

outer layer of kidney

Answer 30

cortex

Question 31

inner layer of kidney

Answer 31

medulla

Question 32

functional unit of kidney

Answer 32

nephron

Question 33

each kidney contains __________ nephrons

Answer 33

1-1.5 million/kidney

Question 34

made up of coils of capillaries

Answer 34

glomerulus

Question 35

a long and narrow urine collecting tube

Answer 35

renal tubules

Question 36

length of renal tubules

Answer 36

30-40 mm

Question 37

two types of nephron

Answer 37

cortical and juxtamedullary

Question 38

are situated primarily in the cortex of kidney

Answer 38

cortical

Question 39

function is to concentrate urine

Answer 39

juxtamedullary

Question 40

cortical nephrons are made up of _____ nephrons

Answer 40

85%

Question 41

surround the proximal and distal convoluted tubules

Answer 41

peritubular capillaries

Question 42

located adjacent to the ascending and descending loops of Henle in juxtamedullary nephrons only

Answer 42

vasa recta

Question 43

- the area where the collecting tubules join together and empty freshly formed urine into the renal pelvis.

Answer 43

calyx

Question 44

cavity area

Answer 44

renal pelvis

Question 45

hormone which stimulates the bone marrow to produce red blood cells

Answer 45

erythropoietin

Question 46

splits angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2

Answer 46

renin

Question 47

active form of vitamin D

Answer 47

calcitriol

Question 48

produced by the adrenal cortex

Answer 48

aldosterone

Question 49

muscular tube that connects the pelvis of the kidney to the bladder

Answer 49

ureter

Question 50

where urine is stored until excretion

Answer 50

bladder

Question 51

leads from the bladder allowing urine to be excreted

Answer 51

urethra

Question 52

muscles called _____ enable the urethra to open and release the urine into the environment

Answer 52

sphincter muscle

Question 53

the human kidneys receive approximately _____ of the blood pumped through the heart through the renal artery

Answer 53

5 liters

Question 54

renal blood flow

Answer 54

1200 ml/min

Question 55

renal plasma flow

Answer 55

600-700 ml/min

Question 56

factors influencing filtration process (1)

Answer 56

hydrostatic pressure

Question 57

factors influencing filtration process (2)

Answer 57

oncotic pressure

Question 58

factors influencing filtration process (3)

Answer 58

renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

Question 59

factors influencing filtration process (4)

Answer 59

cellular structure of the capillary walls and Bowman's capsule

Question 60

RAAS

Answer 60

renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

Question 61

form intertwinning foot processes forming filtration slits

Answer 61

podocytes

Question 62

prohibits the filtration of large molecules

Answer 62

shield of negativity

Question 63

removes substances from the tubules for retention by the body

Answer 63

tubular reabsorption

Question 64

major site for reabsorption

Answer 64

proximal convoluted tubule

Question 65

occurs when substances to be reabsorbed combined with a carrier protein

Answer 65

active transport

Question 66

movement of molecules across a membrane

Answer 66

passive transport

Question 67

renal treshold of glucose

Answer 67

160/180 mg/dl

Question 68

removes unneeded foreign waste substances that are not filtered by the glomerulus

Answer 68

tubular secretion

Question 69

helps regulate acid-base and electrolyte balance

Answer 69

tubular secretion