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AP psych. > Unit 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Flashcards

(78 cards)

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1
Q

Nature vs Nurture

A

The debate of whether human behavior is determined by genetics or learned through environments (Thomas Bouchard Experiment of identical twins of their IQ)

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2
Q

Biopsychosocial Approach

A

The approach of biological (genes), psychological (gene expression + beliefs) and social- cultural(peer influence) influences all play a part in our individual development

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3
Q

Endocrine System

A

Endocrine Gland
- Pineal Gland, Hypothalamus, and pituitary Gland

  • Thyroid and parathyroid
  • Adrenal glands
  • Pancreas
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4
Q

Pineal Gland

A
  • Produce melatonin
  • regulate circadian rhythm
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5
Q

Hypothalamus

A
  • control pituitary gland
  • trigger hunger and thirst
  • maintain homeostasis
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6
Q

Pituitary Gland

A
  • Control growth
  • Produce hormones such as oxytocin (pair bonding and social trusts)
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7
Q

Thyroid Gland

A
  • maintain metabolism
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8
Q

Parathyroid

A
  • regulate the level of calcium in blood
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9
Q

Adrenal Glands

A
  • Trigger fight or flight responsesF
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10
Q

Fight or flight Response

A

Automatic Physiological reaction to an event perceived as stressful or frightening

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11
Q

Pancreas

A
  • Regulate the level of blood sugar releasing inculin
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12
Q

Testis and Ovaries

A

Reproductive organs in the male and female

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13
Q

Epigenetics

A
  • study of how environmental factors influence gene expression
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14
Q

CNS (central nervous system)

A

composed of brain and spinal cords

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15
Q

PNS (peripheral nervous system)

A

connects sensory and motor neurons to the CNS

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16
Q

Somatic nervous system (branch of PNS)

A

charge of controlling voluntary movements of our skeletal muscle

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17
Q

Autonomic nervous system (branch of PNS)

A

controls all automatic functions of our internal organs (Such as heart beat or breathing)

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18
Q

Dendrite

A

Receives information and transfers to the cell body

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19
Q

Axon

A

Pass message to its terminal branches

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20
Q

Myelin Sheath

A

A layer of tissue that covers the axon and speeds up neural impulses. Without a myelin sheath, there is a loss of muscle control

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21
Q

Threshold

A

Minimum level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse

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22
Q

all-or-none response

A

they either fire or they don’t

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23
Q

Excitatory

A

Pushes neuron’s accelerator, makes a neuron more likely to reach action potential and fire

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24
Q

Inhibitory

A

Push a neuron’s brake, makes it less likely for a neuron to reach action potential

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25
Acetylcholine (ACH)
Function - Enable muscle action, learning, and memory Malfunction - Alzheimer disease
26
Dopamine
Function - Influence movement, learning, attention, and emotion Malfunction - Less Dopamine = Parkinson Disease -Oversupply of Dopamine = Schizophrenia
27
Serotonin
Function - Affect mood, hunger, sleep, and arousal Malfunction - Undersupply = Depression Antidepressant drug raise serotonin
28
Norepinephrine
Function - Help control alertness and arousal Malfunction - Undersupply can depress mood
29
GABA
Function - Inhibitory neurotransmitter Malfunction - Undersupply = seizures, tremors, and insomnia
30
Glutamate
Function - Excitatory neurotransmitter Malfunction - oversupply = stimulate brain = migraines and seizures
31
Endorphins
Function - Diminish perception of pain and act as natural sedative Malfunction - Undersupply = cause depression, anxiety and moodiness
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withdraw
금단현상
33
Types of Drug
- Depressant -Stimulant - Hallucination - Opiates
34
Stimulants
drugs that excites neural activity and speed up body function ex) nicotine, cocaine
35
Depressant
drugs that reduce or slow our neural activity and body functions ex) alcohol
36
Opiates
depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety as well ex) endorphine
37
Hallucinogens
drugs known to distort perception and evoke sensory images without any actual sensory input ex) LSD
38
Brainstem
Function - responsible for controlling many of the body's basic function parts - midbrain -pons -medulla
39
Midbrain
- responsible for managing some of the body's reflex (ex) eye movement) - control of sleep, wakefulness, and alertness
40
pons
- Connects brainstem to cerebellum - Responsible for sleep, dream, walking
41
medulla
- responsible for vital body functions (heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing)
42
Thalamus
Sensory center - plays crucial role in the processing and relay of sensory information to the appropriate areas of the brain
43
Cerebellum
- responsible for maintaining balance and coordinate movement + process sensory input, nonverbal learning, and implicit memory
44
Limbic System
group of brain structure that involved in emotions - Amygdala (emotions) - Hippocampus (memory) Hypothalamus (homeostasis) + hypothalamus is also in endocrine system as well
45
Frontal Lobe
deals with -problem solving - decision making -planning -judgement
46
Parietal Lobe
- receives input about touch, temperature, pain, and body position
47
Temporal Lobe
- Auditory information
48
Occipital Lobe
- Visual Information
49
Corpus Callosum
Bridge that allows two Hemisphere to exchange informations
50
Broca's Area
Deals with production of language and speaking (언어, 말 다치면 벙어리)
51
Wernicke's Area
Deal with understanding language (말귀를 못알아 듣는다)
52
Left Hemisphere
Control right hand - Spoken language -written language - mathematical/ logical thought process - analysis and reading Deep Thinking
53
Right Hemisphere
Control left hand -nonverbal perception -responsible for musical/artistic process - emotional thought Creative Mind
54
CT
Function - 2d image of brain using X-ray Good - show structures of brain and damages Bad - Does not show the function of brain
55
PET
Function - Radioactive glucose tracked down to show metabolism by the brain Good - Record brain activity Bad - Less precise than fMRI and exposure to radiation
56
EEG
Function - Electrodes placed on head and graphical images is produced Good - Useful with sleep research Bad - No structure or function of brain
57
fMRI
Function - Measures change in blood flow and creates 3D image Good - More precise than PET scan with functional picture of brain Bad - Brain area activate for different reasons but unable to detect this
58
Roger Sperry
Neuropsychologists winning Nobel prize as he discovered the different functions of Right and Left Hemisphere
59
Plasticity
brain's ability to reorganize itself after and accident or tragedy or modify itself in response to experience a change
60
Mere- Exposure effect
People tend to develop a preference for things merely because they are familiar with them - describes our preference in old stimuli (have seen before) over new stimuli
61
Priming
- People tend to respond more quickly and accurately to question they have already seen even if they don't remember them
62
Blind sight
People who are blind can still accurately describe the path of an object they cannot seePr
63
Preconscious
무의식 out of your awareness, but anything within your preconscious could be recalled 너 생일이 언제였지? 생각하면 기억남
64
Unconscious
인간의 본능 욕구 level of conscious that includes all of your unacceptable thoughts and feelings (sexual ect.)
65
Nonconscious
body process that you don't control 24/7 (heart beat, respiration, digestion)
66
Tolerance
diminishing effect of a drug when taking the same dose of it
67
Circadian rhythm
internal clock, control our temperature and wakefulness in 24-hour cycle Suprachiasmatic nucleus in hypothalamus control the circadian rhythm
68
Sleep is important because
- it helps us restore and repair brain tissue - restores and rebuild memories of the day - feeds creative thinking
69
NREM-1
Falling into unconsciousness, easily awaken (sleep itself is a conscious state)
70
NREM-2
Deeper into sleep, bursts of brain activity (sleep spindle)
71
NREM-3
Deepest sleep; characterized by deep and slow delta waves
72
REM
Dreaming occurs, high brain activity, physical appearance of deep sleep
73
Insomnia
불면증 (inability to fall asleep)
74
Narcolepsy
Sudden uncontrollable sleep attack (기면증)
75
Night Terror
typically impact children (occur in NREM-3) walk around while sleeping or screaming
76
Manifest Content
Made by Sigmund Freud actual remembered storyline (말 그대로 꿈의 전체적인 이야기의 흐름)
77
Latent Content
Underlying meaning of the dream (꿈속에 나온 것들이 무엇을 상징하는지)
78

AP psych. (9 decks)

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