Unit 2

Question 1

1519

Answer 1

Start of the protestant revolution

Question 2

Humanism

Answer 2

Focused on the classics, and on the individual. Is fairly secular compared to previous movements

Question 3

Why did people split from the Roman Catholic Church?

Answer 3

Dissatisfied people because of the power and financial abuses such as the sale of indulgences, simony/neopotism, and absentism.

Question 4

Name a few well known church reformers

Answer 4

John Wycliff, Jon Hus, Erasmus, Martin Luther, John Calvin

Question 5

Martin Luther

Answer 5

95 thesis, Diet of Worms, Lutheranism, was a catholic monk, German, printing press

Question 6

Protestant ideas

Answer 6

Wasn’t complex, bible authority, faith based, all should have access to bible

Question 7

German Peasant war

Answer 7

The protestant peasants trying to overthrow the nobility of their areas. They failed horribly and Martin Luther himself got after them for their aggression. 1524

Question 8

How did monarchs attain/gain power?

Answer 8

War, conquest, political marraige, control of state & religion.

Question 9

Peace of Augsburg

Answer 9

1555, treaty in England recognizing Luthheranism as a religion

Question 10

Zwingili / Protestanism

Answer 10

swiss reformation, faith + good works = salvation, sacrament is symbolic

Question 11

John Calvin / Calvanism

Answer 11

Predestination, succsess=salvation, very strict (no dancing, parties, swearing ect.) also known as hugeonots & presybitarians

Question 12

Deit of Worms

Answer 12

conference that resulted in the Edict of worms, declaring Luther an outlaw, 1521

Question 13

Mary Tudor

Answer 13

Catholic Monarch who tried to return England to catholicism through violence

Question 14

Council of Trent

Answer 14

Catholic church reform and reconciliation with Lutheranism/protestants

Question 15

Jesuits

Answer 15

Answer to the pope, missionaries, originated in spain

Question 16

Henry the eighth

Answer 16

Had 6 wives, called “defender of the faith”, Act of Surpemacy, Church of England/Anglican

Question 17

Act of Supremacy

Answer 17

Passed by Henry the eighth declaring that the king has the highest power, even over the pope, so he could divorce his first wife

Question 18

Religous wars

Answer 18

Hueuenots vs Catholics, wassy massacre, St bartholomews massacre, meax suprise,

Question 19

Catholic reform

Answer 19

educate the priests, slow the use of indulgences and simony, created a list of prohibeted works

Question 20

30 years war

Answer 20

1618-1648, HRE vs states w/ religous differences, France didnt want unified states, Edict of restitution, Peace of Westphalia, started as a religous war but ended up being more political

Question 21

Indulgences

Answer 21

one of the most highly critisized practicies of the church, buying your or your family members was out of purgatory, funds were to build st. Peters Basillica

Question 22

Main difference between lutheranism and calvinism

Answer 22

Predestination

Question 23

Printing press

Answer 23

mass produced new political, religous, and social ideas through Europe (started in Germany)
examples: wood carvings, works done by martin luther and john calvin

Question 24

Calvins invidet genevea

Answer 24

Combined church and state law, town council (republican) prohibited activities ( missing church, aldultery, gambleing) punishments (execution, banishment, whipping, stocks) books like Institues of christian religion and genevea catechism

Question 25

Hugeunots

Answer 25

French Calvinists, challange the catholic church and monarchy, want religous freedom and political rights (decrease catholic power)

Question 26

Puritans

Answer 26

English protestants, Heavily influenced by calvinists, challange monarchy & catholic influences, want reformed anglican church, political rights and removal of english catholics

Question 27

St. Bartholemews day massacre

Answer 27

Happened to prevent a Hugeunot from marrying into the catholic monarchy, huge massacre, happened on wedding day, the hugeunot groom conformed to catholicism afterward.

Question 28

30 years war

Answer 28

Catholics vs. protestant/hugeunots,
causes: peace of augsburg, recognition of calvinism
eventually turned into a political dispute rather than religous (french preist supporting the protestants bc they didnt want a unified italy)
ends with the peace of westphalia - religous pluralism, and independant netherland

Question 29

Catholic Reformation

Answer 29

Jesuit Order - educate the church
council of trent- acknowledgement of abuses (indulgences and simony) even if they didnt completley stop)
Prohibited certain books (martin luthers stuff mainly)

Question 30

Witch trials

Answer 30

it happened, i dont really need to explain i dont think

Question 31

mannerism and baroque

Answer 31

man: distorted/exageratted features, dramatic and high colors
Bar: emotional, high contrast, elaborate/ornemantal