Unit 2

Question 1

What is the biological importance of water?

Answer 1

Water serves multiple roles including:
* Lubricant and cushion
* Heat sink
* Component of liquid mixtures
* Role in chemical reactions

These roles are critical for maintaining homeostasis and supporting various physiological functions.

Question 2

What type of fluid acts as a lubricant at certain joints in your body?

Answer 2

Synovial fluid

Synovial fluid is found in synovial joints, providing lubrication and reducing friction during movement.

Question 3

What role does water play as a heat sink?

Answer 3

Water absorbs heat from the core and transports it to peripheral capillaries and skin for radiant and evaporative heat loss.

This process helps regulate body temperature.

Question 4

In a solution where water is the solvent, what is the solute when sodium chloride is dissolved?

Answer 4

Sodium chloride

In this context, sodium chloride is the substance being dissolved in the water.

Question 5

What is produced in a dehydration synthesis reaction?

Answer 5

Water

Dehydration synthesis links monomers to form polymers and releases water as a byproduct.

Question 6

What is the primary function of cerebrospinal fluid?

Answer 6

To cushion and protect the brain and spinal cord.

Cerebrospinal fluid surrounds the central nervous system.

Question 7

What does hydrolysis do in chemical reactions?

Answer 7

Splits covalent bonds by adding water.

Hydrolysis is the reverse of dehydration synthesis.

Question 8

Fill in the blank: Your body is _____ water.

Answer 8

50-60%

This percentage varies with age and sex, with infants having higher water content.

Question 9

What are the two main types of fluid compartments in the human body?

Answer 9

Intracellular fluid and extracellular fluid

Extracellular fluid has subdivisions such as interstitial fluid and blood plasma.

Question 10

Which fluid compartment is the largest in the human body?

Answer 10

Intracellular fluid

Intracellular fluid makes up the majority of body water.

Question 11

True or False: The water content of the brain is approximately 85%.

Answer 11

True

Different organs and tissues have varying water content, with the brain being one of the highest.

Question 12

What is the role of mucus in the body?

Answer 12

Acts as a lubricant in the digestive tract and other areas.

Mucus helps in smooth passage and protection of internal surfaces.

Question 13

What is interstitial fluid?

Answer 13

Fluid between the cells that is part of extracellular fluid.

It serves as a medium for nutrient and waste exchange between blood plasma and cells.

Question 14

Fill in the blank: The largest percentage of body water is found in the _____ fluid compartment.

Answer 14

Intracellular

Intracellular fluid constitutes the majority of total body water.