Unit 2 Flashcards
(21 cards)
MC History
Millions yrs ago, likely formed from hopps in E Tibet or W China. Areas of “steps” wide spread cannabis via natural cultivation, spread, and eventually trade. Ancient Chinese emperor (possible legend not real) and others were using cannabis medically. “Hashishians” warriors got high before battle. Medical use in Europe Napoleon’s time (1800s).
MC History Cont.
Indian Hemp Drug Report, British empire conquered India (“crown jewel”, makes lots of money). Culture known to smoke or make into milkshake, concerning Britian. Hundreds of millions used “Indian Hemp”. Study of thousands of “experts”/witnesses to find no cases of overdose w/out harmful effects. Remedy asthma, bronchitis, and MH (better than other drugs). Heavy/excessive users = “ordinarily inoffensive” w/ little impact on soc
MC (Dr. O’Shaunessey to 1900s)
Cannabis as hemp = major crop, required to be grown at one point, even being money. O’Shaunessey supported MC 1840s. Prev tincture/elixer alone or mixed, adding to the USP for ~100y until attd change. Recreational use, govt (government) concerned and limited age, how much, and need for prescription. Looked into at opium, cocaine, and cannabis w/ VERY strict use in 1900s.
MC History 3rd
Bridging O’Shaunnessey & Anslinger. Late 1800s hemp L popular as a mass product = L demand and competition to other products. Patent medicines believed real, maybe had active drugs possibly harmful! Cannabis went down w/ other hard drugs. Progressive Era w/ little laws, produces laws regulating honest labeling! Patent medicine DEC.
Prohibition of Cannabis nears
-1910s - First international opium convention, “narcotics” alcohol banned and marijuana became popular
-1920s - International opium convention (international restrictions made), reefer bars/jazz clubs = MJ bar
Anslinger
Imptnt officer, federal head of bureau of narcotics in 1930s-60s, “top drug cop” for 30 years, w/ strict penalties on drug use! He initially thought alcohol was target drug until prohibition ended. US wanted to ban MJ use 1912 INTERNATIONALLY. Use of low-dose opioids treat addiction issues. He was against ^, doctors arrested. Against cannabis use b/c racism so much PA wanted him fired for slurs in his speeches/declarations. Hate jazz music, reefer clubs, Gotta be H to like that”. He popularized the term “marijuana” b/c association W/ Mexicans.
Anslinger & Celebrities
Billy Holiday, rough history leading (forced into brothel, raped, abusive relationships) to heroin & addiction. He tried to have “Linching” song banned, her arrested, and harassed ASAP. She was arrested on her death bed, stopped methodol treatment, leading to her death.
-Judy Garland (Dorothy, Wizard of Oz) was addicted to pills (diet, barbituates, ect), Anslinger empathized with her and sent her on vacation to get her off the pills, she OD’d on barbituates. -Senator McCarthy drank heavily and used morphine. Anslinger bought drugs & covered it up for it!
The difference: Race and stigma.
Fed Govt banning MJ VS state govt
US = federal and state govt. DEA (Drug Enforcement Administration). Arrested PA, small crime held in state courts, Federal crimes are more for inter-state crimes. Federal laws outlaw cannabis in US causing concern for state laws trying to override federal laws. Hard for federal govt to ban MJ b/c is grown, sold, and used all in 1 state, unlike heroine that needs imported in via international waters/borders.
MJ Tax Act
Constitutionality issue & Anslinger wants states MJ ban, most did. Congress try ban, but legality of charging MJ crimes is state not federal. Federal govt x ban but ctrl tax.
MJ Tax Act - MJ sale diff b/c crazy tax on it.
-Zero intent for states to make $ via MJ $ale
-1937 $1 license, now $30, L for serious license
-Micro mngmt, names and addresses of buyers, and any slip up = 5y prison & fine.
-Roosevelt
Anslinger Anti-MJ Conspiracy & debunk
From “MJ = medicine & agricultural product” to “Its terrible, outlaw it”. Despite speculation, Anslinger was good uncorruptible cop during prohibition. False idea his wife niece of mellon family. Noo proof of lobbying against MJ from Randolph DuPont (nylon) & Heart (paper). All benefit from MJ ban, doesn’t = guilt.
End of MJ Tax Act
T Leary Harvard PSY prof fired 4 psychedelics rsch to “Expand mind”. Arrests not possession, but no license, license = S-incriminate, violates 5th amendment. SC agreed and tax act ended.
Ctrl Substances Act Preview
70s, hippies naked & high, LSD surfaces, congress !STR govt power at state lvl.
Controlled Substances Act - List of drugs govt doesn’t like
-Comprehensive drug control act
-Simplified laws against MJ
Schedules of Ctrl Substances Act
Sched. 1 - Heroin & MJ -H abuse/addiction w/out safety profile & medical use
Sched 2 - Cocaine, morphine, Syndros, Cesamet - Rx by a dr b/c at least 1 accepted medical use
Sched 3 - Steroids, Marinol - L abuse/addiction potential
Sched 4 - Xanax
Sched V - Codeine cough syrup
This list isn’t accurate… Heroine, codeine, and morphine all do the same things to the body, just diff (different) STR (strengths).
Sched I Ctrl Substances
Sched. 1 - No Dr. rx
-Despite “unknown safety profile” 61000 rsch on risks of MJ
-Drs weren’t consulted when MC was made sched 1
-AMA mixed feels, pharmaceutical companies struggle to get MC FDA approved
-Heroin and MJ
Sched II of Ctrl Substances Act
Sched 2 - Can be rx these by a doctor b/c at least 1 accepted medical use
No refills, prescription needed every time
Sched 3 and below - Up to 5 refills
Lower schedules can be prescribed w/ refills.
Sched III-V Ctrl Substances Act
Sched 3 -5- Up to 5 refills b/c L schedule
Sched 3 - Steroids, Marinol - L addictive/abusive potential
Sched 4 - Xanax
Schedule V - Codeine w/ cough syrup
NY Rockefeller Drug Law
Law charging mandatory large sentences in jail for possession of drugs.
-Meanwhile other states (Colorado, Washington) decriminalize & legalize
-Crime is now sentenced to fine, confiscation, or a ticket
Legal MJ concerns b/c state laws:
- urine test resulting in job loss
-Wanting to purchase a firearm
-Needing public housing
-Legal possession of MC but needing to travel somewhere it isn’t legal
-Following state laws but DEA has you arrested (federal court)
- urine test resulting in job loss
Gonzales VS Raich (2005)
Raich and friend legally grow MC, complying w/ California laws (1996) to tx her inoperable brain tumor after Dr recommended (b/c nothing else worked). DEA and FBI destroy her plants & take Raich for violating the ctrl substances act.
Court initially sides w/ the govt, moved to the supreme court. The SC ruled fed govt has right to prevent anyone in the US from using MC. Just b/c they can, doesn’t mean they do.
MC Support & Legalization Timeline
1969 - CSA
1973 - OR decriminalizes, NY Rockefeller laws implemented
1981 - Compassionate Use Program
1995 - CA accepts MC use
2006 - Gonzales VS Raich
2013 - Rohrabacher-Farr Amendment
2017 - Farm Bill passed, legalizing hemp
Pop/favor for MC use has INC w/ time. Fed govt can stop MC use in legal states, but doesn’t mean they should/will waste the money to do it.
Rohrabacher-Farr Amendment
Prevents dept of justice interfering w/ local laws (DEA cannot prosecute where MC is state-legal).
-Doesn’t correct Gonzales VS Raich (2005) (right to prosecute ctrl substances act)
-Not technically constitutional amendment/law
-Jeff Sessions
-W/out ^ renewed every year, fed govt can prosecute at state lvl
Seem to be Myth but is True: Federal Compassionate Use Program
Federal compassionate use program, sending sick people joints. Robert Randal, 1/3 left in the program, used MC to cure his glaucoma (requiring a LOT), sued the govt b/c it was only tx worked.
-Only legal grow field is at National Institute on Drug Abuse at University of Mississippi, providing MC for rsch
-Varying tx use from HIV to hunger issues but few ever accepted
-State legalization and similar actions replace this program
