Unit 2

Question 1

Weathering

Answer 1

Weathering - The exposure and breaking down of rocks in situ at the Earth’s surface over geological time due to interaction with the atmosphere.

Question 2

Transportation

Answer 2

Transportation - The movement of rock fragments by water, wind, ice or gravity from the place where they were originally weathered.

Question 3

Erosion

Answer 3

Erosion - The breaking down of rock fragments into smaller pieces and sediments due to collision with other rock fragments during transportation.

Question 4

Deposition

Answer 4

Deposition - The settling out of rock fragments and sediments after transportation by water, wind, ice or gravity.

Question 5

Igneous

Answer 5

Igneous - Rock that forms through the cooling of molten rock (magma) to a solid form in the upper crust or on the surface of the Earth.

Question 6

Sedimentary

Answer 6

Sedimentary - Rock that is formed from weathered rock fragments and sediments that have been eroded, transported, deposited, compacted and cemented.

Question 7

Metamorphic

Answer 7

Metamorphic - Rock that has been subjected to heat and/or pressure, permanently altering the minerals or internal structure.

Question 8

Rock -

Answer 8

Rock - A solid mass made of one or more minerals.

Question 9

Mineral

Answer 9

Mineral - An element or chemical compound formed as a result of rock cycle processes.

Question 10

Ore

Answer 10

• A naturally occurring solid material from which a metal or valuable mineral can be extracted profitably.

Question 11

Porosity

Answer 11

A measure of a rock’s ability to hold fluid.

Question 12

Permeability

Answer 12

A measure of the amount of water allowed to pass through a rock

Question 13

How to extract iron

Answer 13

Iron is extracted from iron ore in a huge container called a blast furnace. Iron ores such as haematite contain iron oxide. The oxygen must be removed from the iron oxide in order to leave the iron behind.

Question 14

Slag

Answer 14

Slag is the mixture of impurities, silica and calcium oxides, which floats to the top of the molten iron and is removed.

Question 15

Where is limestone formed

Answer 15

In tropical shallow sea waters

Question 16

Where do you extract limestone

Answer 16

Quarries

Question 17

How is crude oil formed

Answer 17

Its formed over million of years from dead animal remains which have been buried under many layers of sediment on the ocean floor

Question 18

How to extract crude oil

Answer 18

Fractional distillation

Question 19

How is crude oil damaging to the environment

Answer 19

The hydrocarbons that make up crude oil are very damaging to the environment. Oil can kill animals and birds by poisoning or suffocation, as well as affecting buoyancy and natural waterproofing.

Question 20

Evaporation

Answer 20

Evaporation - The process of turning from liquid into vapour or gas

Question 21

Condensation

Answer 21

Condensation - The process of a vapour or gas turning into a liquid

Question 22

Precipitation

Answer 22

Precipitation - Moisture that falls from the air to the ground (rain, snow, sleet, hail, drizzle, fog, mist)

Question 23

Transpiration

Answer 23

Transpiration - The evaporation of water from plants’ leaves, stems or flowers

Question 24

Run-off

Answer 24

Run-off - The precipitation that flows across the surface of the ground

Question 25

Infiltration

Answer 25

Infiltration - The physical movement of water through soil (relative to the soil’s porosity and permeability)

Question 26

Percolation

Answer 26

Percolation - The movement of water through soil by gravity and capillary forces

Question 27

Throughflow

Answer 27

Throughflow - The horizontal flow of water within soil

Question 28

Ground water

Answer 28

Groundwater - Water that occupies pore spaces in soil and bedrock

Question 29

Groundwater flow

Answer 29

Groundwater flow - The movement of groundwater horizontally

Question 30

Biomass

Answer 30

Biomass - The mass of living or recently living plants or animals

Question 31

Biofuels

Answer 31

Biofuels - Combustible biomass or fuels derived from biomass

Question 32

Natural Greenhouse Effect

Answer 32

The process by which radiation reflected from the Earth’s surface is absorbed by gases in the atmosphere and prevented from escaping into space, thus keeping the Earth warmer than it would otherwise be.

Question 33

Formation of iron ore

Answer 33

requires crystallization of iron as oxides, neither silicates nor sulfides, which occur more commonly in ordinary igneous and sedimentary rocks. There are various geological processes that concentrate Fe and form Fe ore deposits, including magmatic, hydrothermal, and sedimentary processes.

Question 34

Uses of iron ore

Answer 34

Source of primary iron for the world's iron and steel industries

Question 35

How is limestone formed

Answer 35

After small marine animals die, their shells and skeletons build up on the ocean floor. Over time, the layers of fragments press down on each other, squeeze out the water, and recrystallize into solid rock.

Question 36

How is limestone extracted

Answer 36

extracted through blasting

Question 37

Uses of limestone

Answer 37

It can be used as a building material It is a major ingredient in toothpaste. It can be used as a food additive to provide calcium ions for strong teeth and bones. It can be processed as a useful raw material in the chemical industry.

Question 38

Why is limestone an important carbon sink

Answer 38

through carbonate sedimentation, it acts as a sink for carbon dioxide

Question 39

Non-renawable energy

Answer 39

A non-renewable energy resource is one that has an expiration date and will run out

Question 40

Examples of non renewalable energy

Answer 40

Coal, oil, natural gases

Question 41

Renewable energy

Answer 41

Renewable energy is energy that comes from a source that won't run out

Question 42

Renewable energy examples

Answer 42

Wind power, solar energy, hydropower, bioenergy