Unit 2 Flashcards
(132 cards)
1
Q
What is the new employee contract??
A
-Employability, personal, responsibility
- Partner in business improvement
-Learning skill development
2
Q
____________ management refers to the activities related to planning for, attracting, developing and retaining an effective workforce.
A
-Human Resource
3
Q
What is the primary goal of the strategic human resource management process?
A
-To achieve the optimal work performance for supporting the company’s mission and goals
4
Q
The economic or productive potential of employee knowledge, experience, and actions is referred to as ______________
capital.
A
-Human capital
5
Q
What approach to strategic HRM deploys bundles of internally consistent HR practices to improve employee ability, motivation, and opportunities across the entire organization?
A
- High-performance work system (HPWS)
6
Q
How does strategic human resource management view employees?
A
-Strategic assets
7
Q
For a selection technique to have legal defensibility, it must possess which of these characteristics?
A
-reliability
-validity
8
Q
What are the characteristics of a high-performance work system approach to HRM?
A
-Focuses on collective levels of human and social capital
-Improves employee motivation and opportunities
-Enhances the performance of all employees systematically
9
Q
What is selection??
A
-Selection is the process of screening job applicants and choosing the best candidate for a position.
10
Q
What is recruiting?
A
-Recruiting is the process of location and attracting qualified applicants for job openings.
11
Q
Individuals who are asked to provide assessments of former employees are known as ________.
A
-References
12
Q
What is legal defensibility?
A
-Legal defensibility is the extent to which the selection device measures job-related criteria in a way that is free from bias.
13
Q
Rank the steps of the learning and development process in order, placing the first step at the top and the last step at the bottom.
A
1.Assessment
2.Objectives
3.Selection
4.Implementation
5.Evaluation
14
Q
What is organizational development??
A
- is a set of techniques for implementing planned change to make people and organizations more effective.
15
Q
What type of change implementation makes employees feel the least threatened?
A
-Adaptive change
16
Q
Name each stage of Lewin’s model of change??
A
- Unfreezing, create the motivation to change.
- Changing, learn new ways of doing things
- Refreezing, support and reinforce the change
17
Q
What is the process of organizational development (OD)??
A
- Diagnosis
- What is the problem?
- Intervention
- What shall we do about it? - Evaluation
-How well has the intervention worked? - Feedback
-How can the diagnosis be further refined?
18
Q
What are the target elements of change?
A
-Organizational arrangements
-People
-Methods
-Social factors
19
Q
What is new contract employer?
A
-Creative development opportunities
-Lateral career moves; incentive compensation
-Challenging assignments
-Information and resources; decision making authority
20
Q
What is the employee old contract??
A
-Job security
-A cog in the machine
-Knowing
21
Q
What is the employer old contract??
A
-Standard training programs
-Traditional compensation package
-Routine jobs
-Limited information and authority
22
Q
What is the role of human capital??
A
Human capital
- The right employee working
23
Q
What is the role of social capital??
A
Social capital
- The right employees working together
24
Q
What are requirements to attract qualified applicants??
A
Internal Recruiting
- Hiring from the inside
External recruiting
-Hiring from the outside
Hybrid Approaches (referrals and boomerangs)
-using the inside to hire from the outside
25
What is selection??
-Process of screening applicants and choosing the best candidate.
26
What are legally defensible selection tools?
-Background information: application forms, resumes, and background checks
-Interviews: structured, situational, and behavioral description
-Employment test: Ability, performance, personality, integrity, etc.
27
What are examples of compensation and benefits??
-Wages (per hour)
-Salaries (in an year)
-Incentives (motivational ex. Bonus)
-Benefits (like health care, 401k, paid vacation, legal help)
28
What is onboarding??
-Helping newcomers learn the ropes effective on boarding programs can generate many benefits
29
What are objective appraisals???
-They measure desired results
-They are harder to challenge legally
30
What is subjective appraisals??
-Trait appraisals (ex. "attitude")
-Behavioral appraisals (ex. "on time")
31
Who should make performance appraisals and how?
- Supervisors, peers, subordinates, self, customers/clients
- 360 degree assessments, appraisal by multiple sources
- Rating (ex. 3 out of 5 communication)
-Ranking (ex. "you are 1st, 2nd, 3rd" )
32
How does promotion move?
Promotion: Moving upward
33
How does transfer move??
Transfer: Moving sideways
34
How does disciplining and demotion move??
Disciplining and demotion: Moving downward
35
How does dismissal move??
Dismissal: Moving out
36
What is step one of performance management??
Step 1: Define Performance
- Set goals and communicate performance expectations
37
What is step two of performance management??
Step 2: Monitor and evaluate performance
- Measure and evaluate progress and outcomes
38
What is step three of performance management??
Step 3: Review Performance
- Deliver feedback and coaching
39
What is step four of performance management??
Step 4: Provide Consequences
- Administer valued rewards and appropriate punishment
40
What are we looking in the future??
Today diversity is more broadly defined in terms of
-Race -Lifestyle
-Gender -Different ability
-Age
- Inclusive model includes all ways in which employees are different and similar (ex. culture, values)
41
Name the big five personality dimensions??
Extroversion
Agreeable
Conscientiousness
Emotional Stability
Openness to experience
42
What is extroversion??
Outgoing, talkative, sociable, and assertive
43
What is agreeable??
Trusting, good natured, cooperative, and soft-hearted
44
What is conscientiousness??
Dependable, responsible, achievement-oriented, and persistent
45
What is emotional stability??
Relaxed, secure, and generally unworried
46
What is openness to experience??
Imaginative, curious, and broad-minded
47
What are the core self-evaluations??
Self - efficacy: “I can/ can’t do this”
Self - esteem: “I like/dislike myself”
Locus of control: “I am/am not the captain of my fate”
48
What is implicit bias??
The attitudes or beliefs that affect our understanding actions, and decisions in an unconscious manner.
49
What is explicit bias??
The attitudes or beliefs that affect our understanding, actions, and decisions in a conscious manner.
50
What is self-awareness??
(Emotional intelligence traits)
Ability to read own emotions and gauge mood accurately
51
What is self-management??
(Emotional intelligence traits)
Ability to control your emotions and act in reliable ways
52
What is social-awareness??
(Emotional intelligence traits)
Empathy: show other that you understand
53
What is relationship management??
(Emotional intelligence traits)
Ability to communicate clearly and convincingly, disarm and build strong personal bonds.
54
What are the three components of attitudes??
Affective: “I feel”
Cognitive: “I believe”
Behavioral: “I intend”
55
What’s it called when attitudes and reality collide??
Cognitive dissonance
56
What are the steps in the perceptual process??
1. Selection attention
-“Did I notice something?”
2. Interpretation and evaluation
-“What was it I notice and what does it mean?”
3.Storing in memory
-“Remember it as an event, concept, person, or all three?”
4. Retrieving from memory to make judgments and decisions
-“What do I recall about that?”
57
What are the five distortions in perception??
Stereotyping
-“Those sorts of people are pretty much the same”
The recency effect
-“The most recent impressions are the ones that count ”
Implicit Bias
-“I really don’t think I’m biased, but I just have a feeling about some people”
Causal Attributions
- Inferring causes for observed behavior
The Halo Effect
-“One trait tells me all I need to know”
58
What is the self - fulfilling prophecy??
-When you expect employees to perform badly, they probably will
- When you expect them to perform well, they probably will
59
What is employee engagement?
How connected are you to your work?
60
What is job satisfaction??
How much do you like or dislike your job?
61
What is organizational commitment??
How much do you identify with your organization?
62
What is stress??
“The nonspecific response of the body to any demand made upon it” can cause conflicts and distraction at work
63
What are the sources of job-related stress?
Tax demands: stress created by the job
Role demands: stress created by others expectations
Group demands: stress created by co-workers
Organizational demands: stress created by the culture
64
What is adaptive change? (Triple L)
-Least threatening
-Low complexity
-Low resistance
65
What is innovative change??
-Somewhat threatening
-Moderate complexity
-Possibility for some resistance
66
What is radical change?
- Very threatening
-High complexity
-High resistance
67
What are some employee characteristics that are related to resistance for change??
Resilience to change
- able to handle change
Positive self-concept
- high self-esteem
Tolerance for risk
- able to handle unknown
Self-efficacy
- belief in ability
68
What are some managerial strategies to overcome resistance to change?
Education/ Commitment
- reinforce positives
Participation/ Involvement
-MBO
Facilitation/support
-relieve some fear
Negotiation/agreement
-give and take
Manipulation
-trick
Coercion
-force
69
What is motivation? And why is motivation important?
What? The psychological processes that direct goal-directed behavior
Why? Motivation is why you show up, engage, and do extra
70
What are the four major perspective on motivation??
-Content Theories
-Process Theories
-Job Design Theories
-Reinforcement theories
71
What is Maslow’s theory? (Content perspective on employee motivation)
1. Physiological need - the most basic human physical need(bottom on the pyramid): Need for food, clothing, shelter, comfort, self-preservation
2. Safety need: need for physical safety, emotional security, avoidance of violence
3. Love need: need for love, friendship, affection
4.Esteem need: Need for self-respect, status, reputation recognition, self confidence
5. Self-actualization need: the highest level of new (the top of the pyramid) for self-fulfillment increasing competence, using abilities to the fullest
72
What are Mcclelland’s acquired needs theory??
1. Need for achievement: “I need to excel at tasks”
2. Need for affiliation: “I need close relationships”
3. Need for power: “I need to control others”
73
What is the process perspectives: Expectancy Theory?
1. Effort ( “I exert an effort”)
1 1/2. Expectancy (“Will I be able to perform at the desired level on a task?”)
2. Performance (“a particular level of task performance”)
2 1/2 . Instrumentality (“What outcome will I receive if I perform at this level?”)
3. Outcomes (“Certain outcomes (ex, pay or recognition)”)
4. Valence (“How much do I want the outcome”)
74
What are two types of goal orientation??
1. Learning goal orientation
- Goals help with acquisition of new skills
2. Performance goal orientation
- Goals demonstrate and validate a competence we already have
75
What are design theories: fitting jobs to people?
Job enlargement
- Putting more variety into a job
Job enrichment
-Putting more responsibility into a job
76
What is the job characteristics model?
Skill Variety - Job requires different abilities
-"How many different skills does your job require"
Task Identity - Job requires all tasks from beginning to end
-"How many different tasks are required to complete at work"
Task significance - Job affect lives of other people
-"How many other people are affected by your job"
Autonomy - Job allows employee to make choices
- "How much discretion does your job give you"
Feedback - Worker receive clear, direct information about how they are performing
-"How much do you find out how well you're doing "
77
What are the four types of behavior modification?
- Positive reinforcement : strengths "Good" behavior
- Negative reinforcement: strengths "Good" behavior
- Extinction: weakens "Bad" behavior
- Punishment: weakens "Bad" behavior
78
What are examples of four types of behavior modification?
Look at files
79
Money is not necessarily the best motivator??
-Need for work-life balance
-Need for personal growth
-Need for meaningful work
-Need for positive work environment
80
What is formal vs informal?
formal group- created to accomplish specific (assigned by org. to accomplish specific goal)
Informal group- created for friendship (formed by people whose purpose is getting together)
81
Select type of organizational teams??
-Project teams: solve a (temporary or one time) problem or task
-Cross-functional teams: members from different areas in organization collaborate
-Self-managed teams: group given administrative oversight for their tasks
-Virtual teams: work together over time and distance via technology, flexible and efficient (driven by information and skills, not by time and location), BUT difficult to establish cohesion, satisfaction, trust, cooperative behavior, and commitment.
82
What’s tuckman’s five stage model?
Stage 1 - forming “why are we here”
Stage 2- storming ”why are we fighting over who’s in charge and who does what”
Stage 3- norming “can we agree on roles and work as a team ”
Stage 4 - performing “can we do the job properly”
Stage 5- adjourning “can we help members transition out?”
83
What happens when groups don’t get along?
Punctuated equilibrium: essentially group has long periods of little or no change
84
What are roles?
Each team member has expectation of how to behave
85
What are norms??
Unwritten rules for all team members
86
What is conflict??
Conflict is simply disagreement, perfectly normal in the workplace
87
What is dysfunctional conflict and functional conflict?
Dysfunctional conflict: hinders the organization’s performance, threaten its interest
Functional conflict: benefits main purposes of the organization, serves its interest
88
What are the conflict handling styles?
-Avoiding: ignoring or suppressing a conflict
-Obliging: accommodating might be appropriate when its possible to late get something in return or issue isn’t important to you.
-Domination: forcing formal authority and power
-Compromising: both parties give up something to gain something
-Integrating: collaborative style, confront issue and cooperatively
89
How to stimulate constructive conflict?
-Spur: spur competition among employees or groups
-Bring in: bring in outsiders for new perspectives
-use: use programmed conflict: devils advocacy or dialectic method
90
What is the difference between leading and managing??
Being a manager: Planning, organizing, directing, controlling
Being a leader: Being visionary, be inspirational, put people first
91
What are the six forces of power?
legitimate power: influencing behavior because of formal position
Expert power: influencing behavior because of one’s expertise
Reward power: influencing behavior by promising or giving rewards.
Informational power: influencing behavior because of valuable information
Coercive power: influencing behavior by threatening or giving punishment.
Reverent power: influencing behavior because of one’s personal attraction.
92
What are the four basic skills for leaders?
Cognitive abilities: Identify problems and causes in changing situations
Business skills: Maximize use of organizational assets
Interpersonal skills: influence and persuade others
Conceptual skills: draft organization’s mission, strategies, and implementations
93
What is the contingency leadership model??
Two leadership Orientations
-Tasks -Relationships
94
What is transactional leadership?
Clarify employees: roles and task requirements and provide rewards and punishment
95
What is transformational leadership?
-Transform employees to pursue organizational goals over self-interests.
-The best leaders are both
96
What are the contemporary perspective and concepts?
-LMX
- Servant leadership
- Empowering leadership
-Ethical leadership
97
What is leader-member exchange leadership (LMX)?
Leader member exchange (LMX) models of leadership emphasizes that leaders have different relationships with different subordinates (in-group exchange vs. Out-group exchange )
98
What is servant leadership?
-Providing increased service to others
-Meeting the goals of both followers and the organization (rather than yourself)
99
What is ethical leadership?
Ethical leadership “I am ready to do the right thing”
Ethical leadership includes:
-Communicating ethical values
-Rewarding ethical behavior
100
What is empowering leadership?
Leader creates psychological empowerment, employees belief that they have control over their work.
Example: “I want my employees to feel they have control over their work”
101
What is communication?
Transfer of information and understanding from one person to another
102
What is effective communicator?
-Intended message is accurately understood by another person
-Transmit message accurately least amount if time
103
What’s high media richness?
Face to face presence
104
What is low media richness?
Personal and impersonal written media (social media)
105
What Is encoding barrier?
The message is not expressed correctly. Example: If people have different first language.
106
What is decoding barrier?
The recipient doesn’t understand the message. Example: you pulled an all nighter things are fuzzy
107
what is receiver barrier?
No message received
Example: because you were distracted in class
108
what is sender barrier?
No message gets sent
Example: afraid to voice idea
109
What is informational control?
- Concerned with whether or not the organization is "doing the right things"
110
What is behavioral control???
- Concerned with whether or not the organization is "doing things right" in the implementation of its strategy
111
What is the PDCA??
1. plan
2. do
3. check
4. act
112
what is PLAN?
Plan desired and important changes, based on observed data. Make pilot test, if necessary.
113
What is feedback barrier??
The recipient doesn’t respond.
Ex: Not knowing if the other person understood
114
What are nonverbal communication??
-eye contact
-facial expressions
- body movements and gestures
115
What is linguistic style??
-Person’s characteristic, speaking pattern
-Pacing, pausing word choice, use of questions, jokes, stories, apologies
116
What is gender differences??
- Some observable differences across gender spectrum
- Most likely the result of socialization rather than biology
Ex: Masculine norm - interrupting and talking over others
Feminine norm - using positive overlaps such as “I agree” or “That’s right”
117
What is social media, and managerial, and organizational effectiveness?
- employment recruiting
- employer productivity (sales and brand and corporate reputation)
118
What are the downsides of social media?
-Cyber-loafing: personal use when at work
- Phubbing: phone-snubbing
- Security: Guarding company against, cyberthreats
-False information: Is it fake news?
119
What do you need to be an effective listener?
- approach conversations with curiosity
- focus on the other person, be mindful and fully present
- ask open-ended questions
- avoid the tendency to judge
120
What do you need to be an effective writer??
- Start with your purpose
- Write simply, concisely, and directly (short and sweet should be default)
- Don’t show ignorance of the basics (texting, grammar)
121
Being an effective speaker??
-Before: Ask questions to help yourself prepare, arrive early and check the room
-During: Tell them what you are going to tell them, tell them, tell them what you told them
122
What is DO??
-Implement the change or make a small-scale test
123
What is ACT??
-Act on lessons learned, after study of results. Determine if predictions can be made as basis for new methods.
124
What is CHECK?
-Check or observe what happened after the change or during the test
125
What are the four key perspective??
-Customer perspective (How do customers see us?)
- Internal perspective (What must we excel at through employee skills?)
- Innovation and learning perspectives (Can we continue to improve products and services and create value?)
- Financial perspective (How do we look to shareholders?)
126
(Customer perspective) How do we appear to our customers?
-Customer Satisfaction
-Customer Retention
127
(Internal business perspective) What must we do extremely well?
-Productivity
-Efficiency
-Quality
-Safety
128
(Innovation and learning perspective) Are we equipped for continued value and improvement?
- employee attitudes
- employee turnover
- resource capabilities
- organizational culture
129
(Financial perspective) What does success look like to our shareholders?
-Budgets
-Financial statements
-Financial Ratios
130
What are contemporary control issues?
-Using AI to control
-Employee tracking and monitoring
131
How to use AI to control?
-Reducing errors and defects
-Increasing productivity
132
What are advantages and disadvantages of employee tracking and monitoring?
Advantages: help uncover problems (harassment, theft), reducing employees wasting company time, highlight bottlenecks
