Unit 2 Flashcards
Compartmentalization
Cells divide into different membrane bound organelles to be more efficient (ie. digestion enzymes stay in the lysosomes)
Nucleus
Stores DNA and controls cell actives; has the nuclear membrane and pores
Ribosomes
Make proteins from mRNA
Rough ER
Helps makes and folds proteins that are exported, has ribosomes
Smooth ER
Makes lipids, no ribosomes
Golgi
Sorts and moves proteins and lipids from the ER
Lysosome
Breaks up waste
Vacuole
Stores water, food, waste
Vesicle
Sacs that transport materials
Mitochondria
Makes ATP in CELLULAR RESPIRATION
Chloroplast
Where PHOTOSYNTHESIS happens
SA to Volume RATIO
Higher ratio means more efficiently move stuff in and out
Plasma Membrane
Phospholipid bilayer; flexible
Phospholipid Head
Hydrophilic (polar)
Phospholipid Tail
Hydrophobic (non polar)
Aquaporin
Channel proteins that help water quickly pass through the membrane
Passive Transport
No energy, H to L
Active Transport
ATP needed, L to H
Simple Diffusion
Molecules go H to L
Facilitated Diffusion
Needs a protein channel for help
Osmosis
Water moves across the membrane
Endocytosis
Bring things INTO the cell
Exocytosis
Send things OUT of the cell
Endosymbiotic Theory
Mitochondria and chloroplasts were once free living organisms and prokaryotes, but they were engulfed and became part of the cell (they have their own DNA, reproduce independently, have double membranes)
