Unit 2

Question 1

What is the opposite of Immunity?

Answer 1

Susceptibility

Question 2

Describe Immunity

Answer 2

being able to resist disease or infection

Question 3

What are the two (2) types of immunity?

Answer 3

1) Innate (non-specific)
2) Adaptive (specific)

Question 4

What is susceptibility?

Answer 4

Being unable to resist infections or diseases

Question 5

Lymph returning from the small intestine is white due to_________________

Answer 5

absorbed lipids

Question 6

T/F: Lymph in the small intestine is called apoptosis

Answer 6

False; lymph in the small intestine is called chyle

Question 7

Lymph in the small intestine is called _____________ and contains ___________________

Answer 7

1) chyle
2) absorbed dietary fats (lipids)

Question 8

This special lymphatic capillary absorb fats and transport them through the lymphatic system; what is it?

Answer 8

Lacteal

Question 9

Lacteals are _______________ that absorbs _______________ and transports them through the ________________

Answer 9

1) lymph capillaries
2) fats
3) lymphatic system

Question 10

lymphatic capillaries are more permeable than the blood capillaries allowing ____________________

Answer 10

absorption of large molecules like lipids

Question 11

T/F: Blood capillaries are more permeable than lymphatic capillaries

Answer 11

False; lymphatic capillaries are more permeable than blood capillaries

Question 12

What does blood capillaries absorb?

Answer 12

amino acids and sugars

Question 13

T/F: Skeletal muscle and respiratory pumps assist the lymph flow

Answer 13

True

Question 14

The skeletal muscle and respiratory pumps help move fluids against gravity by pushing _______________ and ________________

Answer 14

1) Lymph
2) Venous blood

Question 15

Skeletal muscle and respiratory pumps helps:
1) ___________________
2) ___________________
3) ___________________

Answer 15

1) immunity system
2) lymphoid system
3) Cardiovascular system

Question 16

T/F: Thymus is an organ that promotes T cell maturation

Answer 16

True

Question 17

________________ is an organ that promotes T cell maturation.

Answer 17

Thymus

Question 18

What hormone does the thymus produce?

Answer 18

Thymosin

Question 19

What does the hormone thymosin help with?

Answer 19

It helps immature T cells to mature

Question 20

Many _________________fail selection and undergo _______________(programmed cell death) in the ____________________

Answer 20

1) T cells
2) apoptosis
3) Thymic (Hassel’s) corpuscle

Question 21

List 4 functions of the spleen

Answer 21

1) filters blood
2) remove worn out RBC’s
3) stores platelets
4) help mount immune responses against bloodborne pathogens

Question 22

Macrophages are ______________
a) Innate (non-specific) Immunity
b) Adaptive (specific) Immunity
c) none of the above

Answer 22

a) Innate (non) specific) immunity

Question 23

Macrophages are ___________________

Answer 23

non-specific second line of defense

Question 24

Macrophages engulf and destroy _______________ through ___________________

Answer 24

1) Pathogens
2) Phagocytosis

Question 25

unlike ___________ and _____________ lymphocytes, Macrophages do not target specific pathogens

Answer 25

1) T lymphocytes 2) B lymphocytes

Question 26

Interferons are __________________ released by ___________________

Answer 26

1) proteins 2) virus infected cells

Question 27

What are interferons?

Answer 27

Interferons are proteins released by virus infected cells

Question 28

Interferons alert nearby ________________ to enhance ________________ and inhibit _________________

Answer 28

1) cells 2) viral defenses 3) replication

Question 29

T/F: Complement proteins promote phagocytosis alone

Answer 29

False; complement proteins promote phagocytosis and cytolysis

Question 30

The complement system enhances immunity by:

Answer 30

1) Cytolysis ( breaking down of pathogens) 2) Opsonization (marking pathogens for phagocytosis 3) Inflammation (attracting immune cells)

Question 31

What are some signs of inflammation?

Answer 31

1) redness 2) swelling 3) pain 4) heat

Question 32

Redness, pain, heat, swelling are due to 3 factors; what are they?

Answer 32

1) Vasodilation 2) increased blood flow 3) immune cell activity

Question 33

T/F: Fever increases metabolism, speed of tissue repair and inhibits pathogen growth

Answer 33

True

Question 34

Which chemicals induces vasodilation?

Answer 34

1) Histamines 2) Kinins 3) Leukotrienes

Question 35

Perforin punches holes in ______________ cells, leading to their ________________

Answer 35

1) infected cells 2) destruction

Question 36

What two (2) things describes T and B cells

Answer 36

1) Immunocompetent 2) Pluripotent

Question 37

Recognize and responds to antigens; this is the

Answer 37

Immunocompetent

Question 38

can develop into multiple cell types but are not necessarily immune cells; this is the

Answer 38

Pluripotent

Question 39

________________ triggers an immune response leading to _______________ production

Answer 39

1) Antigen 2) Antibody

Question 40

What do Helper T cells (CD4+ cells) activate?

Answer 40

1) B cells 2) Cytotoxic T cells

Question 41

the ______________ and ______________ cells are crucial for immune responses

Answer 41

1) B cells 2) Cytotoxic T cells

Question 42

T/F: Macrophages, T cells, Dendritic cells capture and display antigens to activate immune responses.

Answer 42

False; Macrophages, B cells, Dendritic cells capture and display antigens to activate immune responses.

Question 43

IgG is a naturally _________________ immunity that transfers from ______________ to ________________

Answer 43

1) Naturally passive immunity 2) Mother 3) Fetus

Question 44

________________ antibodies cross the placenta, providing temporary immunity to newborns

Answer 44

IgG

Question 45

Which antibody is present in secretions?

Answer 45

IgA

Question 46

IgA is found in:

Answer 46

1) tears 2) sweat 3) breast milk 4) GI fluids

Question 47

Adaptive immunity from breastfeeding is a naturally __________________ immunity

Answer 47

naturally acquired immunity

Question 48

T/F: IgA from breast milk gives passive immunity without stimulating the baby's own immune system

Answer 48

True

Question 49

Immunity from daily exposure to microbes is a naturally _____________________ immunity a) Naturally acquired passive immunity b) Artificially acquired passive immunity c) Artificially acquired active immunity d) Naturally acquired active immunity

Answer 49

d) Naturally acquired active immunity

Question 50

Exposure to pathogen naturally stimulates ______________ production