unit 2 Flashcards
(55 cards)
What is the effect of early puberty on girls?
It is linked with increased emotional and behavioral problems like depression and delinquency
Is stress during ad more impactful than in other life stages?
Yes, due to the brain changes during puberty, stress has a greater adverse impact in ad
What is brain plasticity?
The brain’s capacity to change in response to expierence; heighten during ad
why is ad both a risk and an opportunity?
Due to increased brain plasticity, harmful effects of stress are more potent, but interventions are more effective.
Are adolescents really moodier than other age groups?
Some are, but most stabilize emotionally with age; persistent mood swings are linked to mental health risks.
how strong is the direct connection between hormones and ad moods?
The connection is weak, mood changes are more related to life stressors.
when are hormonal changes most likely to affect mood?
early in puberty, when hormone levels are rapidly fluctuating.
what buffers the effect of pubertal hormones on behavior ?
Positive family relationships and strong self-control
what role do hormones play in social sensitivity?
they heighten responsiveness to social context, making stressors more emotionally impactful
what are the 3 major changes in social behavior during ad
emergence of sexuality and romantic interest, increased time spent with peers, and decreased time spent with parents and family
what are the 3 basic nodes of the social information processing network
detection node- categorizes stimuli as social.
affective node- imbues social stimuli with emotional significance.
cognitive-regulatory node- preforms complex cognitive operations and regulates responses
how do gonadal steriods influence the affective node during ad?
they regulate neurotransmitter systems and directly affect emotional processing within the affective node
what developmental provess drives changes in the conginitive -regulatory node?
incresased myelination and synaptic pruning
how does the maturation timeline differ between the affective and cognitive-regulatory nodes?
The affective node changes rapidly at puberty’s onset, while the cog-regulatory nodes mature more gradually
what does the difference un the amygala activation between ad and adults suggest?
AD may be more sensitive to emotional properties of social stimuli, especially when attention is unconstrained
how might the sipn (social information processing network) contribute to mood and anxiety disorders in ad?
a mismatch in the development of the affective and cognitive-regulatory nodes can lead yo emotional regulation issues, increasing risk for such disorders.
how does pruning in the prefrontal cortex facilitate experience-based learning?
through competitive, use-dependent strengthening of connections, allowing experience to shape surviving neural pathways.
what kinds of social interactions should future ad neuroimaging studies focus on?
interactions involving mentalizing and theory of mind, such as cooperation, performance prediction, and empathy in real or percieved interaction scenarios.
reward sensitivity
heightened behavioral motivation for rewards and increased arousal in response to them
how have neuroimaging advances changed research on reward sensitivity?
they enabled a mechanistic approach focusing on brain function and hormonal interaction during ad
what are the 3 critical findings about ad reward sensitivity?
- conserved across species
- linked to dopamine-rich brain regions
- indivual differences predict real-worl behaviors like risk-taking
how do animal studies support the idea that ad reward sensitivity is universal ?
ad rats, like humans, show peak levels of risk-taking, novetly seeking, and drug use with inverted u shaped developmental curves
which neurobiological system in central to reward detection and response?
the dopamine system- mesolimbic pathway
