unit 2 Flashcards
(27 cards)
species evenness
number of each species
species richness
number of different species
think family tree…
phylogeny diagram
genotype
organism’s genetic makeup
phenotype
observable trait
changes in genetic makeup of a population would be a …
micro evolution
mutation
a change in the DNA sequence of an organism (favors large populations)
gene flow
the movement of genetic material (genes and alleles) between populations of a species
(ex: pollen dispersed by bees among different plant populations)
genetic drift
random changes in the frequency of genes within a population over time, especially in small populations
bottleneck effect
a significant reduction in a population’s size due to a catastrophic event. drastic loss of biodiversity
founder effect
the reduced genetic biodiversity which results when a population is descended from a small number of colonizing ancestors (type of genetic drift)
allopatric speciation
a new species forms due to geographic isolation
sympatric speciation
the evolution of a new species without geographic isolation
evolution is rapid by…
natural selection
evolution is very rapid by…
artificial selection
fundamental niche
the potential range of environmental conditions in which an organism can survive, grow, and reproduce
realized niche
the actual range of environmental conditions and resources an organism occupies
biodiversity hotspots
isolated areas containing high number of endemic species, usually coastal areas
density independent factors
weather, disasters
density dependent factors
food, disease
type 1 curve
represent populations whose organisms tend to survive beyond their young and middle-ages and die when they become elderly. These organisms usually have small numbers of offspring
type 2 curve
shows a roughly constant mortality rate for the species through its entire life
type 3 curve
r-selected species
intrinsic growth rate
mass potential growth under ideal conditions and unlimited resources
