Unit 2 Flashcards
(37 cards)
1
Q
Abdominal thrusts
A
A method of attempting to remove an object from an airway of someone who is choking 
2
Q
The steps for performing abdominal thrusts on a conscious person
A
1- stand behind the person and bring your arms under her arms. Wrap your arms around the persons waste
2- make a fist with one hand. Place the thumb side of the fist against the persons abdomen, above the navel, but below the breast thumb.
3- grasp the fist with your other hand. Pull both hands towards you and up, quickly and forcefully.
4- repeat until the object is pushed out of the person or the person loses consciousness
5- report and document the incident properly
3
Q
Shock
A
Occurs when organs and tissues in the body do not receive an adequate blood supply
Bleeding, heart attack, severe infection, and falling blood pressure can lead to shock
4
Q
Responding to shock (steps 1-3)
A
- Notify the nurse immediately. Victims of shock should always receive medical care as soon as possible.
- If you need to control bleeding, put on gloves first. This procedure is described later in the chapter.
- Have the person lie down on her back. If the person is bleeding from the mouth or vomit-ing, place her on her left side. Elevate the legs about 8 to 12 inches unless the person has a head, neck, back, spinal, or abdominal injury; breathing difficulties; or fractures (Fig. 7-3). Elevating the legs allows blood to flow back to the brain (and other vital areas).
Never elevate a body part if the person has a broken bone or if it causes pain.
5
Q
Responding to shock (steps 4-8)
A
- Check pulse and respirations if possible (See
Chapter 14). Begin CPR if breathing and pulse are absent and if you are trained and allowed to do so. - Keep the person as calm and comfortable as possible.
- Maintain normal body temperature. If the weather is cold, place a blanket around the person. If the weather is hot, provide shade.
- Do not give the person food or liquids.
- Report and document the incident properly.
6
Q
Responding to myocardial infarction (heart attack)
A
- Notify the nurse immediately.
- Place the person in a comfortable position.
Encourage him to rest, and reassure him that you will not leave him alone. - Loosen clothing around the person’s neck
- Do not give the person food or liquids.
- Monitor the person’s breathing and pulse. If the person stops breathing and has no pulse, begin CPR if trained and allowed to do so.
- Stay with the person until help arrives.
- Report and document the incident properly.
7
Q
Controlling bleeding steps (1-4)
A
- Notify the nurse immediately.
- Put on gloves. Take the time to do this. If the person is able, he can hold his bare hand over the wound until you can put on gloves.
- Hold a thick sterile pad, clean cloth, or clean towel against the wound.
- Press down hard directly on the bleeding wound until help arrives. Do not decrease pressure (Fig. 7-5). Put additional pads or cloths over the first pad if blood seeps through. Do not remove the first pads.
8
Q
Controlling bleeding steps (5-8)
A
- If you can, raise the wound above the level of the heart to slow the bleeding. Prop up the limb if the wound is on an arm, leg, hand, or foot, and if there are no head, neck, back, spinal, or abdominal injuries; breathing dif-ficulties; or fractures. Use towels or other absorbent material.
- When bleeding is under control, secure the dressing to keep it in place. Check for symptoms of shock (pale skin, staring, increased pulse and respiration rates, low blood pres-sure, and extreme thirst). Stay with the person until help arrives.
- Remove and discard your gloves and wash your hands thoroughly when finished.
- Report and document the incident properly.
9
Q
Treating burns (minor)
A
- Notify the nurse immediately.
- Put on gloves.
- Use cool, clean water to decrease the skin temperature and prevent further injury. Do not use ice or ice water, as ice may cause further skin damage. Dampen a clean cloth with cool water and place it over the burn.
- Once the pain has eased, you may cover the area with a dry, clean dressing or nonadhe-sive sterile bandage.
- Remove and discard your gloves. Wash your hands.
- Never use any kind of ointment, salve, or grease on a burn.
- Report and document the incident properly.
10
Q
Treating burns (serious) 1-4
A
- Remove the person from the source of the burn. If clothing has caught fire, have the person stop, drop, and roll, or smother the fire with a blanket or towel to put out flames.
Protect yourself from the source of the burn. - Notify the nurse immediately. Put on gloves.
- Check for breathing, pulse, and severe bleed-ing. If the person is not breathing and has no pulse, begin CPR if trained and allowed to do so.
- Do not use any type of ointment, water, salve, or grease on the burn.
11
Q
Treating burns (serious) 5-9
A
- Do not try to pull away any clothing from burned areas. Cover the burn with sterile gauze or a clean sheet. Apply the gauze or sheet lightly. Do not rub the burned area.
- Do not give the person food or liquids.
- Monitor vital signs and wait for emergency medical help.
- Remove and discard your gloves. Wash your hands.
- Report and document the incident properly.
12
Q
Responding to fainting
A
- Notify the nurse immediately.
- Have the person lie down or sit down before fainting occurs.
- If the person is in a sitting position, have him bend forward (Fig. 7-8). He can place his head between his knees if he is able. If the person is lying flat on his back, and there are no head, neck, back, spinal, or abdominal injuries; breathing difficulties; or fractures, elevate his legs about 12 inches.
- Loosen any tight clothing.
- Have the person stay in position for at least five minutes after symptoms disappear.
- Help the person get up slowly. Continue to observe him for symptoms of fainting. Stay with him until he feels better. If you need help but cannot leave him, use the call light.
- If a person does faint, lower him to the floor or other flat surface. Position him on his back. If he has no head, neck, back, spinal, or abdominal injuries; breathing difficulties; or fractures, elevate his legs about 12 inches.
If unsure about injuries, leave him flat on his back. Loosen any tight clothing. Check to make sure he is breathing. (If he is not breathing and has no pulse, begin CPR if you are trained and allowed to do so.) He should recover quickly, but keep him lying down for several minutes. Report the incident to the nurse immediately. Fainting may be a sign of a more serious medical condition. - Report and document the incident properly.
13
Q
Responding to a nosebleed
A
- Notify the nurse immediately.
- Elevate the head of the bed, or tell the person to remain in a sitting position, leaning forward slightly. Offer tissues or a clean cloth to catch the blood. Do not touch blood or bloody clothes, tissues, or cloths without gloves.
- Put on gloves. Apply firm pressure on both sides of the nose, on the soft part up near the bridge. Squeeze the sides with your thumb and forefinger (Fig. 7-9). Have the resident do this until you are able to put on gloves.
- Apply pressure until the bleeding stops.
- Use a cool cloth or ice wrapped in a cloth on the bridge of the nose to slow the flow of blood. Never apply ice directly to skin.
- Remove and discard your gloves. Wash your hands.
- Report and document the incident properly.
14
Q
Responding to a seizure (1-4)
A
- Note the time. Put on gloves. Remove eyeglasses if the person is wearing them.
- If the person is walking or standing, lower him to the floor. Cradle and protect his head.
If a pillow is nearby, place it under his head.
Loosen clothing to help with breathing. Try to turn him to one side to help lower the risk of choking. This may not be possible during a violent seizure. - Have someone call the nurse immediately or use the call light. Do not leave a person during a seizure unless you must do so to get medical help.
- Move furniture away to prevent injury.
15
Q
Response to seizure (5-10)
A
- Do not try to stop the seizure or restrain the person.
- Do not force anything between the person’s teeth. Do not place your hands in his mouth for any reason. You could be bitten.
- Do not give the person food or liquids.
- When the seizure is over, note the time. Gently turn the person to his left side unless he has a head, neck, back, spinal, or abdominal injury; breathing difficulties; or fractures.
Turning the person reduces the risk of choking on vomit or saliva. If the person begins to choke, get help immediately. Check for adequate breathing and pulse. If the person is not breathing and has no pulse, begin CPR if you are trained and allowed to do so. Do not begin CPR during a seizure. - Remove and discard your gloves. Wash your hands.
- Report and document the incident properly, including how long the seizure lasted.
16
Q
Emesis
A
Another word for vomiting
17
Q
Responding to vomiting (1-7)
A
- Notify the nurse immediately.
- Put on gloves.
- Make sure the head is up or turned to one side. Place an emesis basin under the chin.
Remove it when vomiting has stopped. - Remove soiled linens or clothes and set aside. Replace with fresh linens or clothes.
- If the resident’s intake and output (I&) is being monitored (Chapter 15), measure and note the amount of vomitus.
- Flush vomit down the toilet unless vomit is red, has blood in it, looks like wet coffee grounds, or has medication in it. If these signs are observed, show the vomit to the nurse before discarding it. After disposing of the vomit, wash, dry, and store the basin.
- Remove and discard your gloves.
18
Q
Responding to vomiting (8-14)
A
- Wash your hands.
- Put on clean gloves.
- Provide comfort to the resident: wipe the face and mouth, position comfortably, and offer a drink of water or mouth care (Chapter 13)
(Fig. 7-10). Mouth care helps get rid of the taste of vomit in the mouth. - Put soiled linen in proper containers.
- Remove and discard your gloves.
- Wash your hands again.
- Document time, amount, color, odor, and consistency of vomitus.
19
Q
Communication
A
The process of exchanging information with others
20
Q
Verbal communication
A
Involves the use of words, spoken or written
21
Q
Nonverbal communication
A
Communicating without using words
22
Q
Cultural diversity
A
A variety of people with different backgrounds and experiences living together in the world
23
Q
Culture
A
A system of learned to belief and behaviors that is practiced by a group of people
24
Q
Cliché
A
Phrases that are used over and over again and do not really mean anything
25
Objective information
Based on what a person sees, hears, touches, or smell smells
26
Subjective information
Something a person, Chyanna or did not observe
27
Incontinence
Inability to control the bladder or bowels
28
Cyanotic
Skin that is blue or gray
29
Hemiplegia
Paralysis on one side of the body
30
Hemiparesis
Weakness on one side of the body
31
Expressive aphasia
Trouble communicating thoughts, through speech or writing
32
Receptive aphasia
Difficulty understanding, spoken or written words
33
Emotional liability
Inappropriate or unprovoked emotional response
34
Dysphagia
Difficulty swallow
35
Combative
Violent or hostile behavior
36
Scalds
Burns caused by hot liquids
37
Abrasion
An injury that rubs off the surface of the skin
