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Flashcards in Unit 2 Deck (26)
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1
Q

Goals of science …

A

Are …

Prediction

And

Control

2
Q

Natural science consists of …

A

1) empirical phenomena
2) direct observation and measurement of
3) phenomena or its permanent products

3
Q

Types of natural science include …

A

1) physics
2) chemistry
3) biology
4) behavior analysis

4
Q

Social science deals with …

A

1) hypothetical constructs outside the natural realm

2) indirect observation and measurement

5
Q

6 Philosophical assumptions of science

A

1) determinism
2) empiricism
3) parsimony
4) philosophical doubt
5) pragmatism
6) experimentation

6
Q

Determinism

A

Philosophical assumption of science

The universe is a lawful and orderly place

7
Q

Empiricism

A

Philosophical assumption of science

Objective observation

With thorough description

And quantification

Of the phenomena of interest (behavior)

8
Q

Experimentation

A

Philosophical assumption of science

Systematic manipulation

Of an independent variable

9
Q

Replication

A

Philosophical assumption of science

Repeating ANY part of an experiment

10
Q

Parsimony

A

Philosophical assumption of science

Requires that all simple, logical explanations for the phenomena of interest be ruled out experimentally BEFORE more complex or abstract explanations are considered.

11
Q

Philosophical doubt

A

Philosophical assumption of science

Continually question the truthfulness of

what is regarded as fact

12
Q

Pragmatism

A

Philosophical assumption of science

Assesses the truth of theories or beliefs

in terms of the success

of their practical application

13
Q

Behaviorism

A

The philosophy or worldview

underlying behavior analysis.

Posits that behavior

is the subject matter of our science

14
Q

Radical behaviorism

A

BF Skinner’s philosophy of the science of human behavior.

Most influential type of behaviorism for

guiding the science and practice of behavior analysis

15
Q

Determinants of behavior

A

Causes of behavior

probabilistic

16
Q

Selection

A

The process in which

repeated cycles occur of

variation,

interaction with the environment and

differential replication

as a function of the interaction

17
Q

Natural selection

A

The environment selects

which variations survive and are passed on

18
Q

Cultural selection

A

Cultural practices evolve

as they contribute to the success

of the practicing group

19
Q

Temporal contiguity

A

The nearness of events in time

20
Q

Contingency

A

A dependency between events

21
Q

Types of contingencies

A

Pairing

Consequence

Signaling

22
Q

Basic operations

A

Direct observation

Repeated measures

Graph data

Manipulation

Systematic evaluation

Analysis and interpretation

23
Q

Consequential operation [+]

A

Contingently present

the stimulus

immediately after the response

24
Q

Consequential operation [-]

A

Contingently remove

the stimulus

immediately after the response

25
Q

Learning

A

A relatively permanent change

in behavior

as a result of experience

26
Q

Science is …

A

… a systematic approach for

seeking and organizing knowledge

about the natural world