Unit 2 Flashcards
(200 cards)
1
Q
Describe the British govt’s attempts to meet its war debt following the Great War for Empire
A
Parliament increased import taxes on items used by the poor and middling classes such as sugar and beer (excise tax)
2
Q
What percentage of the average American colonists’ income in the 1760s was typically spent on taxes
A
20%
3
Q
How did Britain’s skyrocketing national debt affect its government in England and America in the 1760s
A
the need for higher taxes spurred Britain to increase the size and power of its bureaucracy in England and America
4
Q
Why did the British sent 7,500 troops to North America after the end of the Great War for Empire in 1763?
A
- SUMMARY: French colony is new=rebellion, Colonists no longer threatened by French Canada=no loyalty, Native Americans=threat because Pontiac’s rebellion overwhelmed Britain’s frontier, and Land Hungry Whites defying Proclamation of 1763 and crossing Appalachian*
1. Ministers who served under George III feared a possible rebellion by 60,000 French residents of Canada (Britain’s new colony)
2. British politicians worried about the colonist’s loyalty now that they weren’t united by the threat from French Canada
3. Native Americans were a concern, since Pontiac’s Rebellion had nearly overwhelmed Britain’s frontier forts
4. Only a substantial military force would deter land-hungry whites from defying the Proclamation of 1763 and settling west of the Appalachian Mountains
5
Q
Which of the following was part of British Parliament’s effort to govern the colonies after the Great War for Empire ended in 1763?
A
Sugar Act, Vice-Admiralty Court, Stamp Act, Quartering Act. Heavy taxation. As colonies were defended in war, they should share in cost of empire.
6
Q
George Grenville conceived the Sugar Act of 1764 to replace which of the following acts
A
Molasses Act
7
Q
George Grenville designed the Sugar Act of 1764 to accomplish which of the following?
A
Lower tax on trade with Dutch and French, making it more attractive to colonies and therefore making $ for empire. Also made smuggling a military crime, set up Vice-Admiralty court. Up until Sugar Act, smuggling was tried under friendly jury+judge. Under V.A., you’re sent to Halifax, Nova Scotia to be tried.
8
Q
The colonists’ real objections to the Sugar Act stemmed from which of the following?
A
“Contrary to a fundamental Principal of Constitution: all taxes out to originate with the people.”
9
Q
On what basis did the American colonists object to the vice-admiralty courts in which violators of the Sugar Act were tried?
A
John Adams, when defending John Hancock on a charge of smuggling argued V.A. diminished this equality by “degrad[ing] every American… below the rank of an Englishman.”
10
Q
The Stamp Act was instituted by Parliament in the colonies in 1765; it was
A
A tax to cover part of cost of keeping British troops in America. Required tax stamp on all printed items- bore more heavily on the rich (charged more for lawyer’s license)
11
Q
How did British politicians respond to the American’s cry of “no taxation without representation”?
A
Said they had virtual representation since some of Parliament’s members were transatlantic (even though colonies didn’t vote for Parliament). If you want to be a British citizen, pay taxes. 2 generations of British citizens have paid 20% tax to support America
12
Q
Which of the following statements characterizes responses to the planned Stamp Act?
A
Benjamin Franklin: If you chuse to tax us, give us Members in your Legislature, and let us be one people.
Parliament: You have virtual representation
Colonial leaders: What the fuck Benjamin, we’re in the US. How the fuck are we gonna be going back n forth in ships to the Mother Country for the Legislature of the Nation. Ship rides take years and people die???
House of Commons: Fuck you Benjamin. 205-49, yes let’s do the god damn Stamp Act.
13
Q
At the same time that Parliament imposed the Stamp Act, it also passed the Quartering Act, which required
A
Colonial governments to provide barracks and food for British troops
14
Q
Which of the following statements describes the Stamp Act Congress, which was held in New York in 1765?
A
- They said that Stamp Act and Sugar Act caused colonies to lose rights and liberties, especially the right to trial by jury. Common Law and Magna Carta.
- Colonies should be represented in Parliament- no taxation without representation.
- Only thing parliament should do is regulate.
15
Q
Americans responded to the Stamp Act by comparing it to which past event?
A
Patrick Henry compared George III to Charles I, whose tyranny had lead to his overthrow and execution in the 1640s (these remarks bordered on treason)
16
Q
Members of activist groups, such as the Sons of Liberty, were typically which of the following?
A
artisans, shopkeepers, poor laborers, and seamen.
17
Q
Which of the following factors was among those that motivated many merchants, artisans, and journeymen to protest against the Stamp Act?
A
feared that imperial reform would undermine political liberty. they were young men, who, especially if were drinking, were quick to violence.
18
Q
Why did the British General Gage refuse to use his military force to protect the stamps that were to be used once the Stamp Act took effect?
A
he believed that military force would disperse the protests but spark an insurrection
19
Q
In the 1760s and early 1770s, lawyers and other educated Americans used common-law arguments mainly to
A
assert the colonists’ rights and liberties as Englishmen.
20
Q
John Dickinson’s Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania was a response to which of the following policies?
A
either stamp or townshend act, god only knows
21
Q
Patriots’ widely publicized use of natural rights arguments to protest British actions in the 1760s inspired which of the following?
A
African American slaves to petition the Massachusetts legislature for the abolition of slavery
22
Q
In which of the following ways did the Rockingham ministry in Britain fashion a compromise to the Stamp Act crisis in 1766?
A
it repealed the Stamp Act, lowered the molasses tax, and crafted the Declaratory Act
23
Q
The Townshend Acts of 1767 imposed duties on which of the following goods?
A
paper, paint, glass, and tea
24
Q
Which aspect of the Townshend Acts posed a great danger to American political autonomy, according to the colonists?
A
the use of revenue (generated by the act) to pay royal officials.
25
How did the Daughters of Liberty contribute to the American boycott of British goods in the late 1760s?
promoted non-importation and made and wore homespun cloth
26
Which of the following statements most describes the colonial boycott efforts of 1768–1769?
support quickly emerged from small port cites then spread to major population centers
27
How did the authorities in Great Britain respond to the American boycott of 1768–1769?
dispatched British troops to Boston (troops sent by Lord Hillsborough, secretary of state for American affairs)
28
How did the Stamp Act crisis of 1765 compare to the crisis over the Townshend duties in 1768?
SA: US resistance to taxation create an argument in parliament; TA: produced a British plan for military
29
For which of the following reasons did the British government resolve to punish the boycotters and enforce the Townshend Duties by 1769?
British merchants and manufacturers petitioned Parliament to repeal the Townshend Duties (they were hit hard by the boycott)
30
In the decade before the American Revolution, the colonists’ achieved the greatest effect by using which of the following means of protest?
boycotts
31
Which of the following statements describes the Boston Massacre, which took place on March 5, 1770?
five Bostonians were shot and killed by British troops who were later cleared of the crime
32
By 1770, after five years of crisis and debate over American sovereignty,
outspoken colonial leaders had repudiated Parliament and claimed equality for their own assemblies under the king
33
Which Patriot leader persuaded Bostonians to create the first committee of correspondence?
Samuel Adams
34
Which of the following was the purpose of the Tea Act imposed by Parliament on the colonies in May 1773?
The british needed to bail out the financially strapped British East India Company
35
Why did radical Patriots in the colonies object to the Tea Act of 1773?
saw it as a bribe to eliminate colonial tax resistance
36
The 1774 Coercive Acts applied to which of the following colonies?
Massachusetts (only)
37
Why did New Englanders resent the Quebec Act of 1774?
it recognized Catholicism as the official religion of Quebec
38
Which of the following describes the First Continental Congress of 1774?
it united representatives from the colonies to show a combined authority to Great Britain
39
At the First Continental Congress in 1774, New England delegates advocated which of the following plans?
political union and defensive military preparations
40
Which of the following actions did the First Continental Congress ultimately decide to implement in 1774?
threatening to cut off almost all American exports in Britain, Ireland, and the West Indies
41
Which of the following actions did Lord North’s government take in response to the First Continental Congress in 1775?
demanded that Americans acknowledge Parliamentary supremacy
42
Which of the following statements characterizes the participation of farmers in the Patriot movement by 1774?
angered by high taxes and Britain's demands that their sons do military service (backed by rebel cause)
43
Why did Chesapeake slave owners increasingly rally to the Patriot cause?
feared the British would seize control of courts and assemblies in the South
44
Which of the following individuals would have been an unlikely Loyalist in 1776?
a yeomen farmer
45
Which of the following statements describes the historical significance of the April 1776 Battle of Lexington and Concord?
the bloodshed that took place made further compromise impossible
46
Which of the following events took place during the Second Continental Congress in 1775?
George Washington became head of the Continental army
47
Who led the moderate faction at the Second Continental Congress and won approval of a petition expressing loyalty to George III and asking for a repeal of oppressive parliamentary legislation?
John Dickenson
48
What prompted many southern yeomen and tenant farmers finally to support independence from Britain in 1775?
Virginia royal governors promised to free any slaves who joined the loyalist
49
Why was the popular pamphlet entitled Common Sense significant?
republicanism convinced the Americans to fight for independence
50
Which of the following outcomes resulted from the Continental Congress’ approval of the Declaration of Independence?
The loyalists and anti-independence people left the congress
51
England had a clear advantage at the outset of the Revolutionary War, but Americans had which of the following factors operating in their favor?
motivated military that was familiar with the land
52
Which of the following statements characterizes the relative military strengths of the British and Patriot forces during the Revolutionary War?
british had loyalists and Indians on their side
53
Which of these events occurred at the Battle of Long Island in August 1776?
British forces badly beat American forces (outnumbered and surrounded the troops had to escape to Manhattan)
54
What was significant about George Washington’s leading of his troops across the Delaware River on Christmas night in 1776?
surprised the enemy and gave AM first real win
55
Which of the following statements describes British military strategy during the first two years of the Revolutionary War?
wanted to show they were a superior power and tried to get the rebels to surrender
56
Which of the following describes the Continental army during the Revolutionary War?
most of recruits were poor or foreigners, and the army gradually became well disciplined
57
Why was the Battle of Saratoga historically significant?
ensured the success of American diplomatic efforts to persuade the French into a military alliance with the US
58
Patriot women contributed to the war effort in the 1770s by
increasing production of homespun cloth, making it a fashion. Do-it-yourself rather than relying on Britain's goods
59
Which of the following factors posed a major problem for the colonies during the American Revolution?
high prices and scarcity of goods
60
Which of the following statements describes the American Revolution’s impact on civilians in areas that saw military conflicts?
Both British and American troops were known to loot farms and harass and rape civilian women
61
To finance the war during its first two years, the new American state governments relied primarily on
printing large quantities of paper money (influx)
62
Which of the following was a consequence of the large increase of paper currency in circulation in the states during the Revolutionary War years?
paper money fell in value to almost worthless
63
How did the finances of the Continental Congress compare to those of the states during the first two years of the Revolutionary War?
both lacked income and issued paper money in an attempt to sustain themselves
64
Which of the following statements characterizes events at Valley Forge in the winter of 1777–1778?
many soldiers fled or died, and the survivors (trained by Baron von Steuben) of the army emerged as a much stronger force
65
France gave serious consideration to an alliance with the rebel colonies primarily because it regarded the war as an opportunity to
get revenge on Britain (defeat in F&I war and losing Canada)
66
The Treaty of Alliance that the French and Americans signed in 1778 included which of the following stipulations?
neither side would sign a separate peace that failed to recognize American independence
67
How did the British respond after their loss at the Battle of Saratoga in 1777?
tried to negotiate settlement with the americans
68
What spurred the British Parliament to repeal the Tea Act in 1778?
parliament hoped it would aid Britain's efforts to seek a negotiated peace with the Continental Congress
69
The British strategy in its military campaign in the South in 1778 relied on which of the following factors?
a plan to use Loyalists to administer the territories they expected to capture
70
Through which of the following actions did Sir Henry Clinton launch his southern campaign in 1778?
capturing Savannah, Georgia, and mobilizing hundreds of black slaves
71
Which event turned the tide of the war after Britain’s series of victories in the South in the late 1770s?
French troops arrived 1780 (in Newport, Rhode Island)
72
Which of the following battles marked the end of the American Revolution in 1781?
yorktown
73
Which of the following factors made a critical contribution to the outcome of the Battle of Yorktown in 1781?
Washington's fake attack on Manhattan while French troops set on Virginia
74
Why did the British surrender to the Americans in the Battle of Yorktown in 1781?
outnumbered and cut off from reinforcement or retreat by sea
75
Which of the following statements explains the Patriots’ successful revolution against Great Britain?
about one-third of the population strongly supported the war and was willing to finance the fighting through inflation
76
Which of the following factors explains George Washington’s success as an American military leader?
ability to maintain the support of the Continental Congress, state govs, and his army
77
Why did British and American diplomats take nearly two years to conclude a peace treaty after the British surrendered at Yorktown?
France and Spain stalled hoping for a major victory/conquest before the official peace
78
Despite the favorable terms Americans achieved in the 1783 Treaty of Paris, they could not ultimately secure which of the following?
forgiveness of their debts to british merchants
79
Pennsylvania’s constitution of 1776 contained which of the following provisions?
right of all taxpaying men to hold office
80
Which of the following statements characterized Pennsylvania’s democratic constitution of 1776?
alarmingly radical elements
81
Why was Abigail Adams a notable figure in the Revolutionary era?
she criticized Patriots and insisted on equal legal rights for married women
82
Although women made few gains in the eighteenth century, they did achieve a degree of progress in 1790 when they won which of the following?
equal access to public education in Massachusetts
83
What happened to the property of Loyalists during the Revolution?
most property was not seized bc it would have violated republican principles
84
Which of the following was a result of the Loyalists’ exodus during and after the Revolution?
patriot merchants at top of economic ladder (replaced Tories)
85
Which of the following was true under the Articles of Confederation?
most of the power remained with the states
86
Why did it take the Continental Congress several years to ratify the Articles of Confederation?
disputes over western land claims (some states blocked ratification)
87
Why was the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 significant?
it prohibited slavery in the northwest territory and earmarked funds from land sales for public schools
88
Which of the following states were eventually created out of the Northwest Territory?
Ohio, Michigan, Wisconsin, and Indiana
89
Why were the land ordinances of the 1780s considered a great accomplishment of the Confederation Congress?
provided for orderly settlement and created a fair process for those areas to eventually become fully equal states
90
Which of the following statements characterizes postwar trends in American trade?
war had crippled American shipping, reducing the export of tobacco (and other farm goods)
91
Which of the following issues formed the basis for the major political and economic challenges that faced postrevolutionary state governments in the 1780s?
influx of worthless paper money and large debts
92
What did Shays’s Rebellion, which took place in Massachusetts in the winter of 1786–1787, demonstrate to American political leaders?
a stronger national government was needed to solve the nation's money problems
93
The Great Compromise led to which of the following outcomes?
a bicameral legislature with a House of Reps and a Senate
94
The three-fifths compromise dealt with which of the following issues?
population count including slaves
95
Which constitutional provision demonstrated the framers’ lack of trust in the “people”?
method of electing the president- people=unintelligent, shouldnt vote for president. instead, created the complicated Electoral College
96
The Constitution, as completed on September 17, 1787, gave the national government which of the following?
power over taxation, military defense, and commerce
97
Why were Delaware, New Jersey, Georgia, and Connecticut among the first to ratify the United States Constitution?
wanted a strong government to counter the power of the larger states
98
American antifederalist Patrick Henry opposed the ratification of the Constitution for which of the following reasons?
he feared high taxes, a large bureaucracy, and a standing army
99
In Federalist No. 10, James Madison maintained that the constitutional government would accomplish which of the following ends?
prevent any one faction from becoming dominant
100
To persuade Massachusetts, Virginia, and New York to ratify the Constitution, leading Federalists promised that
a bill of rights would be added
101
Which of the following statements describes actions the first congressional government undertook in 1789?
passed the judiciary act of 1789 (established a supreme court with a chief justice and 5 associate justices)
102
Approval by Congress and ratification by the states of the Bill of Rights had which of the following outcomes?
an easing of Americans' fears of an oppressive national government
103
Alexander Hamilton’s 1789 financial plan for the United States included which of the following items?
the federal government's assumption (take responsibility) of state war debts
104
Why was Hamilton’s financial plan so controversial?
it insured the wealthy would play an important part in the new government
105
To win votes for his financial plan, Hamilton made which of the following concessions?
relocating the federal capital on the Potomac River (Jefferson wanted this- dinner party)
106
The critical disagreement that led to the emergence of political parties in the mid-1790s was based on which of the following issues?
the size of the federal government and its power
107
Thomas Jefferson’s vision for the future of the United States included which of the following ideas?
primarily agricultural society (not huge cities)
108
Which statement was true of George Washington’s 1793 Proclamation of Neutrality?
said we would not become involved in wars resulting from the French Revolution
109
Which of the following statements characterizes the American reaction to the French Revolution?
artisans praised the egalitarianism of the French republicans and founded political clubs
110
Which of the following served as a catalyst for the 1794 domestic insurgency known as the Whiskey Rebellion?
excise tariffs on distilled spirits
111
Which of the following describes Jay’s Treaty of 1795?
required the British to withdraw from forts in the West and end aid to tribes in that region but had little effect; infuriated France
112
Which of the following individuals would have been unlikely to gravitate toward the Republicans in the late 1790s?
wealthy banker (in NY)
113
Why was Toussaint L’Ouverture a significant figure in the 1790s?
he led the Haitian slave revolt/first successful black revolt
114
Which of the following is true of the U.S. election of 1796?
John Adams won the vote and continued a pro-British foreign policy
115
Which of the following events was the Federalists’ response to the Republicans’ criticism of their policies in the 1790s?
the Alien and Sedition Acts
116
The Naturalization, Alien, and Sedition Acts had which of the following outcomes in the United States in the 1790s?
must be in america 14 years to become a citizen, easier to deport foreigners, illegal to publish insults or malicious attacks against Congress or the president (kentucky and nj resolutions came)
117
The Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions, which were set forth in 1798, supported which of the following positions?
states' right to judge the legitimacy of national laws
118
Which of the following statements most accurately characterizes U.S. relations with France during the late 1790s?
the US cut off trade with France and authorized Americans to seize French ships (leading to the quasi war)
119
Why did Thomas Jefferson call his election to the presidency the “Revolution of 1800”?
it was a bloodless transfer of power from one party (Federalists) to another (Republicans) that showed that the government could be changed in an orderly way
120
The 1783 Treaty of Paris addressed Native Americans living in the Old Northwest in which of the following ways?
it required that native tribes would be by the british until 1793
121
Washington’s Secretary of War, Henry Knox, favored which of the following approaches to Native Americans?
assimilation
122
Indians ceded much of Ohio and acknowledged American political sovereignty in which of the following treaties?
treaty of greenville
123
Which of the following best characterizes the Native American response to whites’ assimilation efforts in the Midwest in the late eighteenth century?
repudiated white missionaries and forced Christian converts to participate in native rituals
124
Who led the conservative Senecas, who condemned assimilation and demanded a return to ancestral customs?
tecumseh
125
The southern migrants who moved along the coastal plain toward the Gulf of Mexico between 1790 and 1820 originated in which of the following areas?
the carolinas
126
Which of the following statements describes migrants who left New England during the 1790s?
small rural family farmers
127
Which of the following was true of New Englanders’ westward migration during the 1790s and 1800s?
much of the land in areas where the settlers arrived had already fallen into the hands of politically well connected speculators
128
In 1801, Jefferson responded to the Barbary States; threats against American shipping by
stopping the bribes that the US had been paying, retaliating when the Barbary States renewed their attacks, then working out a diplomatic solution involving much lower tribute payments
129
Which of the following phrases describes the federal judiciary at the time Thomas Jefferson became president in 1801?
filled with (hostile) federalists against Jefferson that were there to maintain federalist power
130
Why was the decision in the case Marbury v. Madison (1803) of great importance in American history?
it was the first time Supreme Court declared it had the power to rule national law unconstitutional
131
Jefferson’s administration demonstrated its disagreement with Hamilton’s philosophy by
ending the excise tax
132
Why was Pinckney’s Treaty of 1795 significant?
gave the U.S. the right to transport goods on the Mississippi river and to store goods in the Spanish port of New Orleans (b/w the U.S. and Spanish)
133
Which of the following statements characterizes federal land price policies in the Northwest Territory during 1790–1820?
jeffersonian Republicans passed laws that made it easier for farm families to buy land.
134
Why did Thomas Jefferson decide to attempt to purchase New Orleans in 1801?
wanted access to its big port city- city of New Orleans controlled the Mississippi River
135
Which of the following describes Jefferson’s approach to the opportunity to purchase Louisiana in 1802?
changed to a loose interpretation of the const and used his "treaty power"
136
Which of the following took place in response to the Jefferson administration’s purchase of Louisiana?
Some New England Federalists devised a plan to secede from the Union and establish a northern confederacy
137
What was the immediate cause of the illegal duel in which Vice President Aaron Burr killed Alexander Hamilton in 1804?
Hamilton accused Burr of creating a plot to destroy the union (burr actually did want NE to cede)
138
Why did Thomas Jefferson dispatch the Lewis and Clark expedition in 1804?
to get info on the land out west about the plants, animals, tribes (etc) there
139
As a result of the Embargo Act of 1807, the American economy
weakened it (bc america could not trade with Britain or France)
140
The prophet Tenskwatawa was historically significant for which of the following activities?
shunning Americans, renounce alcohol, and return to traditional Indian ways (indian religious revival)
141
Which region of the Union was known for its support of the declaration of war on England in 1812?
southern and western state warhawks
142
Which of the following statements describes the Federalists’ response to the War of 1812?
opposed war and prohibited militias, merchants and bankers refused to lend money, opposed higher tariffs
143
Why was the American victory at the Battle of New Orleans in 1815 significant?
federalist party began to die out and replaced by the republican party (battle was a big victory for US). Made Andrew Jackson a hero
144
Which of the following was an outcome of the postwar election of 1818?
federalist party beaten and wiped out, no longer had a say on policies
145
In which of the following actions did President James Madison contradict the traditional philosophy of Republicans?
approved any signings of Henry Clay's bonus bill
| and he was highly against the BUS but supported the 2nd BUS
146
Which of the following factors made the critical contribution to the Federalist Party’s downfall?
the adoption of many of their policies by Republicans
147
John Marshall’s decisions upheld the principle of
the supremacy of natural laws over state laws
148
Which of the following cases is properly paired with its corresponding decision?
Gibbons v. Ogden: national gov controls interstate commerce (add more answers)
149
Which of the following stipulations was included in the Adams-Onís Treaty of 1819?
transferred spanish florida to the US
150
Which of the following was true of the “Era of Good Feeling”?
absence of economic debate
151
John Jacob Astor, a prominent New York merchant of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, made his fortune in which trade?
fur
152
Which of the following statements characterizes the operations of the Bank of the United States in the twenty years after its 1791 chartering?
the bank had branched in 8 major cities to respond to demands for commercial credit and its profits averaged 8% annually
153
Which of the following took place after the Bank of the United States’ charter expired in 1811?
its charter was not renewed, but a 2BUS was chartered 5 years later.
154
In which of the following lists is the emergence of American financial institutions placed in the correct chronological order?
land banks, Bank of North America, state-chartered banks, Second Bank of United States
155
Which of the following spurred the Panic of 1819 in the United States?
30% drop in worldwide ag prices
156
The Panic of 1819 caused which of the following outcomes?
farmers could not pay debts, people went out of business
157
Why did a national market emerge in the United States between the 1780s and about 1820?
entrepreneurs mobilized the large rural work force to manufacture and distribute goods throughout the US (also cut themselves off from many foreign traders)
158
Which of the following describes the textile industry that was emerging in New England and the Middle Atlantic states in the 1780s?
textile manufacturers built their mills on cheap land near growing seaport cities.
159
In which of the following ways did the growth of rural manufacturing affect New Englanders in the early eighteenth century?
farm families became more dependent on market forces beyond their control
160
The growth of the textile industry in New England in the early nineteenth century negatively affected which of the following occupations?
farming/fishing???
161
Which of the following statements describes transportation in the trans-Appalachian West in the early nineteenth century?
turnpike and water transport (water was the quickest and cheapest)
162
Which of the following objections to the system of state-sponsored mercantilism emerged in the United States by 1820?
it violated the equal rights of citizens and lessened the power of government
163
On what basis did the U.S. government base its claim that the commonwealth system was consistent with republican ideology?
state support for private businesses contributed to the overall public good
164
Which of the following describes the publication Letters from an American Farmer?
book written by a french essayist that praised American egalitarianism and condemned European aristocracy (1782)
165
Which of the following describes the relationship between social status and wealth in seventeenth- and eighteenth-century American history?
americans respected those who raised their status through talent and hard work ???
166
Which of the following describes the political developments taking place in America during the first two decades of the nineteenth century?
ordinary white men's rising political status led to the age of democracy for the common man ???
167
Which of the following statements describes the extent to which parents exercised control over their children’s marriages in the United States in 1800?
landholdings shrank so parents lost leverage over their children's choice of marital partners (began to marry for love instead of interest)
168
The spread of the cultural attitude known as sentimentalism in early nineteenth-century America had which of the following social and cultural consequences?
deeply influenced the kind of literature people read and the plays they saw
169
In theory, companionate marriage gave wives equality of rank and fortune but did not solve the issue of
domestic tyranny (male superiority)
170
What was the net effect of republican marriage patterns on the institution of marriage in early nineteenth-century America?
young wives could no longer rely on their parents for emotional or financial support and became more dependent on their husbands
171
Which of the following characterizes the impact of companionate marriage on divorce in the early nineteenth century?
divorce became more common for emotional issues other than more serious reasons
172
Which of the following factors contributed to the sharp decline in the American birthrate from 1790 to 1820?
parents wanted to provide a good inheritance to their children (fewer children=larger shares per kid)
173
In the early republic, Benjamin Rush and other leaders argued that women should be educated so they could do which of the following?
oversee the instruction of their sons in the principles of liberty and government
174
Society's notion of women as republican wives and mothers was based on which of the following ideas about women?
they were uniquely qualified to educate and nurture the spirit
175
American ministers such as Thomas Bernard argued in the early nineteenth century that women should exercise their power in society through
their influence on the male citizens of the coming generations
176
Which of the following characterizes the impact of republican ideology on child rearing in America in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries?
most parents began to treat their children permissively and respectfully
177
How did yeomen and tenant farmers who were influenced by the Second Great Awakening in the nineteenth century treat their children?
strict rules and harsh discipline
178
In the early 1800s, which group would have endorsed Thomas Jefferson’s and Benjamin Rush’s proposals for comprehensive public education?
wealthy New England merchants
179
Noah Webster influenced American society in the late eighteenth century through which of the following means?
publishing dictionaries and spelling books to make American spelling and grammar more uniform
180
Why did the emancipation of slaves proceed very slowly in the northern states during and after the Revolution?
northern states gave priority to slaveholders' property rights so that emancipation often spaced out over several slave generations
181
About how many African Americans were still living in slavery in the northern states in 1810?
approx. 30,000
182
Which slaves became free as a result of the Virginia legislature’s passage of a manumission act in 1782?
those whose masters chose to free them
183
Which of the following developments ended the debate over emancipation in the South in the early nineteenth century?
Gabriel Prosser's slave uprising
184
Which of the following describes the state of Southern society in the early nineteenth century?
b/c hard work was associated with slaves, white men resented doing physical labor
185
The South’s political clout, which ensured that the national government would continue to protect slavery, rested on which of the following?
its domination of the presidency and Senate
186
Why did a group of prominent citizens found the American Colonization Society in 1817?
aimed to encourage Southern planters to emancipate their slaves for resettlement (in Africa or elsewhere)
187
The proposed 1819 Tallmadge Amendment articulated which of the following plans?
prohibits the transport of slaves into the state of missouri; emancipated all children born into slavery (after the admission)
188
Which of these statesmen played a critical role in creating and passing the 1820 Missouri Compromise?
Henry Clay
189
Which of the following describes the Missouri Compromise, enacted in 1820?
missouri would enter the union as a slave state, and main entered the union as a free state (set a precedent for future states' admission to the Union)
190
The Missouri Compromise prohibited slavery in which of the following regions of the Louisiana Purchase?
all lands north of latitude 36 30' (except for the state of missouri)
191
Which of the following statements characterizes the relationship between church and state in postrevolutionary America?
most states continued to support churches indirectly by not taxing their property or ministers' incomes
192
What was the Second Great Awakening that took place in the United States in the nineteenth century?
a long-lasting religious revival that made the US a genuinely religious society
193
Which were the two fastest-growing American church denominations during the early nineteenth century?
evangelical methodism and baptists
194
How did evangelical Christians spread religious revival during the Second Great Awakening?
by holding large camp meetings
195
In which of the following ways did evangelical religions in the South evolve during the first decades of the nineteenth century?
they began preaching spiritual equality but gradually adopted a message that justified white patriarchal authority
196
African Americans who converted to Christianity during the Second Great Awakening embraced which of the following teachings?
Envisioned G-d as the liberator of the Jews
197
The Second Great Awakening deeply influenced American culture and society by
promoting the ideas of human reason and free will. made it genuinely christian society.
198
Which of the following was a result of the Second Great Awakening?
different denominations cooperated with one another.methodist and baptist churches expanded by winning converts. evangelicals disruptive among south because it criticized slavery
199
Emma Willard was the first American to advocate for which of the following reforms?
higher education for women
200
The increasing importance of women in the Protestant denominations in New England during the Second Great Awakening led to which of the following outcomes?
premarital sex among churchgoing youth decreased significantly
