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Biology > Unit 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Atom

A

Smallest unit of an element that contains all the characteristics of that element

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2
Q

Electron

A

Subatomic particle with one unit of negative charge and negligible mass

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3
Q

Proton

A

One unit of positive charge and mass close to 1 Dalton

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4
Q

Neutron

A

Neutral with a mass close to 1 dalton

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5
Q

Atomic number

A

Number of protons in an atom of a specific element

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6
Q

Atomic mass

A

Sum of the masses of protons and neutrons in an atom

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7
Q

Orbital

A

A region around the nucleus of an atom with a high probibility of containing an electron

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8
Q

Ion

A

Any atom or molecule containing an unequal number of electrons and protons and therefore carrying a net positive or negative charge

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9
Q

Cation

A

Positively charged ion

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10
Q

Anion

A

Negatively charged ion

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11
Q

Isotope

A

Different forms of the same element with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons

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12
Q

Radioactive isotope

A

An isotope that is unstable and undergoes radioactive decay, releasing energy

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13
Q

Half-life

A

The time it takes for one-half of the atoms in a sample of a radioactive isotope to decay

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14
Q

Energy level

A

A descrete level, or quantum, of energy that an electron in an atom possesses. To change energy levels, an electron must absorb or release energy

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15
Q

Oxidation

A

Loss of an electron by an atom it molecule, associated with the gain of oxygen or a loss of hydrogen

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16
Q

Valence electron

A

An electron in the outermost energy level of an atom

17
Q

Octet rule

A

Rule to describe patterns of chemical bonding in main group elements that require a total if 8 electrons to complete their outer electron shell

18
Q

Compound

A

A molecule that contains atoms of more than one element

19
Q

Ionic compound

A

Compound formed based on ionic bonds between two oppositely charged ions that forms a crystalline matrix, such as NaCl

20
Q

Electronegativity

A

Affinity of the nuclei for valence electrons

21
Q

Nonpolar

A

Covalent bonds that involves equal sharing of electrons

22
Q

Polar covalent bonds

A

A covalent bond in which electrons are shared unequally due to differences in Electronegativity of the atoms involved

23
Q

Hydrogen bond

A

A weak association formed with hydrogen in polar covalent bonds. Positive hydrogen is attracted to negative atoms

24
Q

Cohesive

A

Holding together; describes the tendency of water molecules to cling to each other due to hydrogen bonding

25
Q

Surface tension

A

A tautness of the surface of a liquid, caused by the cohesion of the molecules of a liquid. Water has very high surface tension

26
Q

Adhesion

A

The tendency of water to cling to other polar compounds due to hydrogen bonding

27
Q

Specific heat

A

The amount of health that must be absorbed or lost by 1 gram of a substance to raise or lower it’s temperature 1 C

28
Q

Heat of vaporization

A

Amount of energy required to change 1 gram of a substance from a liquid to a gas

29
Q

Hydration shell

A

A “cloud” of water molecules surrounding a dissolved substance, such as sucrose or Na+ an Cl- ions

30
Q

Hydrophobic

A

Nonpolar substances not soluble in water

31
Q

Hydrophilic

A

Substances that are soluble in water

32
Q

Hydrophobic exclusion

A

Tendency of nonpolar molecules to aggregate together when placed in water. Exclusion refers to the action of water in forcing these molecules together.

33
Q

pH scale

A

A scale used to measure acidity and basicity

34
Q

Mole

A

Weight of 6.02 times 10 to the 23rd molecules

35
Q

Molar concentration

A

Concentration expressed as moles of a substance in 1 liter of pure water

36
Q

Acid

A

Any substance that dissociates on water to increase the hydrogen ion concentration and thus lower ph

37
Q

Base

A

Any substance that dissociates in water to absorb and decrease the hydrogen ion and raise the pH

38
Q

Buffer

A

A substance that resists changes in pH

Biology (4 decks)

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