Unit 2: Altered States Of Consciousness

Question 1

Biological rhythms

Answer 1

Hypothalamus tells endocrine system to release melatonin due to stimulation of darkness

Question 2

Why do we sleep

Answer 2

-restorative
-conserve energy
-adaptive process
-clear minds of useless information
-dream

Question 3

Before falling asleep

Answer 3

-body temp and pulse decrease
-breathing slows
-alpha brain waves

Question 4

Stage 1

Answer 4

-pulse slows more
-muscles relax
-breathing uneven
-theta waves
-up to 10 mins

Question 5

Stage 2

Answer 5

-about 30 mins
-brain waves are high amplitude, low frequency

Question 6

Stage 3

Answer 6

-deeper level of sleep
-delta waves

Question 7

Stage 4

Answer 7

-deepest sleep
-sleepwalking, bed wetting, talking, night terrors
-delta brain waves more than 50% of time

Question 8

NREM

Answer 8

-75% of time
-Stages 1 to 4

Question 9

REM

Answer 9

-rapid eye movement
-muscles more relaxed
-brain waves appear similar to when awake
-dreaming
-length increases during sleep session
-15 mins at start, 45 at end

Question 10

Stages through the night

Answer 10

-each cycle around 90 mins
-cycle through the stages
-important for efficient learning and memory

Question 11

Insomnia

Answer 11

Can’t sleep at night (anxiety, depression, alcohol, drugs)

Question 13

Sleep apnea

Answer 13

Choking/ can’t breathe at night

Question 14

Narcolepsy

Answer 14

Sudden falling asleep

Question 15

Night terrors

Answer 15

-within first hour (stage 4)
-5-20 mins
-no memory

Question 16

Sleepwalking

Answer 16

-partly but no fully awake
-no memory
-an be genetic but also linked to stress and fatigue

Question 17

Studying sleep

Answer 17

EEG- records electrical activity of brain while sleeping