Unit 2 And 3

Question 1

Basement Membrane

Answer 1

A thin layer of connective tissue that underlines the epithelial tissue layer.

Question 2

Carcinoma

Answer 2

General term for a cancer of the epithelial cell.

Question 3

Columnar Epithelia

Answer 3

Cells whose height is much longer than their width. These cells function for absorption of nutrients and
secretion and are found mostly in the GI tract.

Question 4

Cuboidal Epithelia

Answer 4

Cube-shaped epithelial cells that function for secretion

Question 5

Lumen

Answer 5

The inner space of a cavity, vessel, intestine, or other tube

Question 6

Parenchyma

Answer 6

The tissue of the organ that is responsible for the function of that organ.

Question 7

Squamous Epithelia

Answer 7

Flat, scale-like, epithelial cells whose chief function is protection from the environment.

Question 8

Stroma

Answer 8

The connective tissue framework of an organ that supports the epithelial layer of tissue

Question 9

Transitional Epithelial

Answer 9

Epithelial cells that can transition in shape and size. These cells are primarily found in the urinary tract and prostate

Question 10

Adult Stem Cells

Answer 10

Unspecialized cells that form a number of different (but not all) cell types in the body

Question 11

Differentiation

Answer 11

The process of cellular specialization

Question 12

Epigenetic’s

Answer 12

The study of how modifications to the DNA that do not affect DNA sequence affect the phenotype of a cell or organism

Question 13

BRCA 1

Answer 13

A tumor suppressor gene involved in DNA repair, whose mutated form is associated with breast and ovarian
cancer as well as other cancers.

Question 14

Mutagen

Answer 14

Any chemical or agent that is capable of mutating DNA sequence.

Question 15

Point Mutation

Answer 15

A change in a single nucleotide of a DNA sequence

Question 16

Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP)

Answer 16

A type of mutation where only a single nucleotide is altered – either inserted, deleted, or substituted.

Question 17

Transformation

Answer 17

The process by which a cell acquires characteristic of a cancer cell

Question 18

Chronic Infections

Answer 18

An infection that is persistent and never fully cleared by the immune system.

Question 19

Inflammation

Answer 19

The immune response to infection, injury, or irritation that results in pain, redness, and swelling.

Question 20

Tumor Necrosis Factor

Answer 20

A signaling molecule secreted primarily from immune cells, but also from other cells, that is the primary
activator of inflammatory response.