UNIT 2 AOS 1

Question 1

Endocrine System

Answer 1

Organisms chemical messaging system.

Question 2

Sources of Endocrine Disruptors

Answer 2

Plastics, Natural hormones, Industry, Medications, Personal care products, Pesticides

Question 3

What is pollution?

Answer 3

When harmful substances contaminate the environment.

Question 4

Primary Pollution

Answer 4

Substance that is released into the environment directly from a polluting source (CO, NO2)

Question 5

Secondary Pollution

Answer 5

Formed by chemical changes to primary pollutants. (Ozone, nitric acid)

Question 6

Atmospheric pollution

Answer 6

Chemicals or particles in the air that can harm the health of humans, animals, and plants.

Question 7

Examples of Atmospheric Pollution

Answer 7

CO2, Sulfur dioxide, Carbon Monoxide

Question 8

What are VOCs

Answer 8

Volatile organic compound, Gases that are emitted into the air from products and processes.

Question 9

Acid Rain

Answer 9

Water Vapor in the atmosphere naturally dissolves carbon dioxide to form carbonic acids.

Question 10

Volcanic Ash & Gas

Answer 10

Sulfur dioxide is released near volcanoes and is very toxic to wildlife.

Question 11

Water Pollution

Answer 11

Occurs when pollutants enters waterways at excessive levels.

Question 12

Water pollution Examples

Answer 12

Plastic in water, nitrogen, industrial waste

Question 13

Dead Zones

Answer 13

Reduced amount of dissolved oxygen, usually from run-off (Hypoxia)

Question 14

Oil Seep

Answer 14

Fractures in the sea floor provides outlets for oil to leak through the sea floor

Question 15

Terrestrial Pollution

Answer 15

Occurs as a result from an imbalanced of natural systems caused by humans

Question 16

Terrestrial Pollution Examples

Answer 16

Soil Salinity & contaminated soil

Question 17

Heavy Metals

Answer 17

Toxic and persistent in the environment for a long time

Question 18

Light Pollution

Answer 18

Caused by excessive light in the sky from streetlights.

Question 19

Noise Pollution

Answer 19

Continuous and reoccurring noise which is annoying or physically harmful

Question 20

Noise Pollution Examples

Answer 20

Cars, Trucks

Question 21

Waste Pollutants

Answer 21

Substance, eliminated or discharged as no linger useful or required after completion.

Question 22

Thermal Pollution

Answer 22

Heat from hot water that is discharged from a power plant or factory into a river or lake. (Threats to aquatic life)

Question 23

Containment Pollutants

Answer 23

Substance that doesn’t naturally occur, or a substance found at concentration above backgrounds.

Question 24

Pollutants

Answer 24

A contaminate that results in or can result adverse biological effects.

Question 25

Transport Mechanisms

Answer 25

Where a pollutant ends up in the environment depends on the transport mechanism and transformations that operate on the pollutant.

Question 26

Direct Source

Answer 26

Pollution is discharged directly into the effected environmental.

Question 27

Indirect Source

Answer 27

A pollutant finds its way indirectly into an environment

Question 28

Direct Source Example

Answer 28

Smoke, chimney

Question 29

Indirect Source

Answer 29

Fertilizer placed.

Question 30

Point Source Emissions

Answer 30

Single identifiable source of pollution from which pollutants are discharged.

Question 31

Point Source Emission Example

Answer 31

Pipe, Ditch

Question 32

Pollution Sinks

Answer 32

A process or place that removes, stores or absorbs pollutants.

Question 33

Pollution Sink Example

Answer 33

nitrates - no2

Question 34

Transport Mechanisms

Answer 34

Pollutants being transported through the environment by Air, water etc

Question 35

Bioaccumulation

Answer 35

Refers to the accumulation over time of a substance, especially a contaminant (such as a pesticide or heavy metal), in a living organism

Question 36

Bioconcertration

Answer 36

Body of chemical taken in directly from the environment

Question 37

Biomagnification

Answer 37

Increased concentration of a chemical in organisms as you go up the food chain

Question 38

Natural Mercury

Answer 38

Atmospheric mercury comes from volcanic emission of forest fire

Question 39

Where can you find natural Mercury

Answer 39

It is found in rocks, soil, water and air

Question 40

Unnatural site of mercury

Answer 40

Mining sites where mercury has been dug up.

Question 41

Health Impacts of Mercury

Answer 41

Mercury is toxic to humans and poisoning is fatal

Question 42

Scales of impacts on human and environment

Answer 42

Local, Regional, Global

Question 43

Scale of impact - Local

Answer 43

Affects few square kilometers (oil spills)

Question 44

Scale of impact - Regional

Answer 44

Affects large and distinct areas (photochemical smog)

Question 45

Scale of impact - Global

Answer 45

Affects global and international area (greenhouse effect)

Question 46

Exposure

Answer 46

A measure of how much is a pollutant person is exposed to in given amount of time

Question 47

Ingested (exposure)

Answer 47

Via food, drink or absorbed into blood stream

Question 48

Inhaled (exposure)

Answer 48

Taken into lungs and absorbed through membrane into blood stream

Question 49

Dermal Absorption

Answer 49

Absorbed through the skin

Question 50

Persistence

Answer 50

increased exposure

Question 51

Dosage

Answer 51

Amount of a chemical absorbed per unit of bodyweight; the level of harm caused to human Devlopment on the dose.

Question 52

Respiration rate of dosage

Answer 52

How often somebody breaths when exposed to a pollutant

Question 53

Frequency of expose

Answer 53

How often somebody is exposed to the pollutant

Question 54

Toxicity

Answer 54

Effect of a certain dose of a pollutant depends how harmful the substance is.

Question 55

Acute toxicity

Answer 55

Adverse health effects from a single exposure of the toxic substance

Question 56

Chronic toxicity

Answer 56

Refers to adverse health effects of repeated exposed to a pollutant in a period of more than a year

Question 57

Threshold

Answer 57

Level of chemical exposure below which there is no adverse effect and above which there is significant toxic effect.