Unit 2 bio

Question 1

what is the purpose of a nucleus

Answer 1

controls activities of cell

Question 2

purpose of cytoplasm

Answer 2

where most chemical reactions take place

Question 3

what part of a cell controls what comes in and out of the cell

Answer 3

the cell membrane

Question 4

which part of a cell is responsible for respiration

Answer 4

mitochondria

Question 5

where in the cell does protein synthesis occur

Answer 5

ribosomes

Question 6

which cell part is responsible for photosynthesis

Answer 6

chloroplasts

Question 7

define defusion

Answer 7

the spreading of particles from an area of high concentration to one of low concentration

Question 8

name the parts of the digestive system

Answer 8

pancreas,stomach,small intestine, large intestine and liver

Question 9

what do xylem and phloem do

Answer 9

transport foot, water and minerals around a plant

Question 10

what is the part of a leaf that allows gas exchange? where is it located on the lead?

Answer 10

stomata are located on the underside of the leaf

Question 11

write down the equation for photosynthesis

Answer 11

Carbon dioxide+ water–> glucose+ oxygen

Question 12

what cells does photosynthesis mostly occur in

Answer 12

mesophyll because they are full of chloroplast

Question 13

name five physical factors that affect organisms

Answer 13

temperature, nutrients, light, water and gasses

Question 14

what is made of long chains of amino acids

Answer 14

protein

Question 15

what do pathogens carry

Answer 15

antigens

Question 16

what are antigens attached to

Answer 16

pathogens

Question 17

what is an enzyme and what does it do

Answer 17

enzymes are biological catalysts that bring about a specific biochemical reaction

Question 18

what effect do enzymes have on activation energy on a reaction

Answer 18

enzymes reduce the activation energy of a reaction

Question 19

what does it mean when we say that an enzyme is denatured

Answer 19

an enzyme is called denatured when it’s active site changes shape. When it does, the substrate no longer fits. This happens at around 40 degrees

Question 20

what effect does pH have on an enzyme

Answer 20

pH affect the forces that hold the enzyme molecule together. Changes in pH can change the shape of the active site

Question 21

what enzyme catalyses the hydrolysis of starch into sugars

Answer 21

amylase

Question 22

protease is an enzyme. What does it help us to do?

Answer 22

break down protein into amino acids

Question 23

lipids are broken down into fatty acids and glycerol by which enzyme

Answer 23

lipase

Question 24

what is isomerise used for

Answer 24

converting glucose to fructose, which is sweeter

Question 25

name the type of respiration that doesn't use oxygen

Answer 25

anaerobic

Question 26

glucose+oxygen--> carbon dioxide+water+energy is the equation for what

Answer 26

aerobic respiration

Question 27

where is glycogen stored

Answer 27

in the muscles

Question 28

write down the equation for anaerobic respiration

Answer 28

glucose-->lactic acid+ small amounts of energy

Question 29

what causes muscle fatigue

Answer 29

buildup of lactic acid in muscles

Question 30

what are chromosomes made from

Answer 30

DNA

Question 31

how many pairs of chromosomes are there in a typical human body cell

Answer 31

23

Question 32

difference between meiosis and mitosis in terms of number of daughter cells

Answer 32

meiosis produces 4 daughter cells | mitosis produces 2 daughter cells

Question 33

what did mendel study

Answer 33

the principle of inheritance in pea plants

Question 34

what do we call different forms of the same gene

Answer 34

alleles

Question 35

what does a phenotype describe

Answer 35

visual characteristics of an organism eg eye colour

Question 36

what does a genotype tell us

Answer 36

the genetic makeup of an organism

Question 37

what's the difference between a homozygous and a heterozygous genotype

Answer 37

heterozygous has two different alleles | homozygous has two identical alleles

Question 38

what do we call a genotype that has 2 different alleles

Answer 38

heterozygous

Question 39

a homozygous genotype has two alleles- are they different or the same

Answer 39

the same

Question 40

name the parts of an animal cell

Answer 40

nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, ribosomes and mitochondria

Question 41

what parts does a plant cell have that an animal cell doesn't

Answer 41

cell wall, vacuole and chloroplast