UNIT 2- BIOCHEMISTRY

Question 1

What does the atomic number of an element tell you?

Answer 1

The number of protons are the characteristics which make each element unique.

Question 2

What are valence electrons?

Answer 2

Valence electrons are the electrons that are on the valence shell. They are to interact with atoms.

Question 3

Are electrons positively charged, or negatively charged?

Answer 3

Negatively charged.

Question 4

Are protons positively charged, or negatively charged?

Answer 4

Positively charged.

Question 5

What is the octet rule?

Answer 5

All atoms want 8 electrons in the outer shell.

Question 6

What is the difference between a covalent bond and an ionic bond?

Answer 6

A covalent bond is formed when two atoms share electrons, an ionic bond is a force that holds together forces of attractions between oppositely charged ions.

Question 7

What is a hydrogen bond?

Answer 7

An attraction that occurs between positive and negative charges that do not require much energy to break.

Question 8

Why is it important for living things, that water takes a long time to heat up or cool down?

Answer 8

Because it helps regulate the constant internal temperatures in living things. This is called High Specific Heat

Question 8

Why does ice float?

Answer 8

Ice floats because it is less dense than the water.

Question 9

What is Cohesion

Answer 9

Cohesion is the reaction when water likes to stick to itself.

Question 10

What is Adhesion?

Answer 10

Adhesion is when water likes to stick to other things.

Question 11

Where on a pH scale are acids found.

Answer 11

Horizontal; the left. Vertical; the top.

Question 12

Where on a pH scale are bases found?

Answer 12

Horizontal; the right. Vertical; the bottom.

Question 13

What are household examples of acids?

Answer 13

Battery acid, soda, vinegar, lemon juice

Question 14

What are household examples of bases?

Answer 14

Baking soda, borax, ammonia

Question 15

What makes a molecule organic?

Answer 15

Organic molecules must contain carbon atoms covalently bonded to hydrogen atoms. These are called C+H bonds.

Question 16

What is organic?

Answer 16

Something being organic means that it is made of hydrogen and carbon bonds. These could also include oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, etc.

Question 17

What are the monomers of carbohydrates?

Answer 17

Monosaccharides

Question 18

What are the monomers of proteins?

Answer 18

Amino Acids

Question 19

What are the monomers of lipids?

Answer 19

Glycerol & Fatty Acids

Question 20

What are functions of Carbohydrates?

Answer 20

Primary source of energy for the body. (Gives QUICK ENERGY)

Question 21

What are functions of Lipids?

Answer 21

Secondary source of energy, used for long lasting energy.

Question 22

What are functions of Proteins?

Answer 22

Structure of your body, cellular components. (Builds keratin, muscles, silk, hair, insulin, & hemoglobin.) As well as repair body tissue.

Question 23

Why do living organisms need enzymes?

Answer 23

Without enzymes digestion would take weeks instead of hours.

Question 24

Enzymes work by doing what?

Answer 24

Speeding up chemical reactions.

Question 25

The substance that an enzyme binds to is the, what?

Answer 25

The substrate specific for that enzyme.

Question 26

The pocket on the surface of an enzyme where things can bind is called the, what?

Answer 26

The Active Site.

Question 27

What happens to an enzyme after a reaction?

Answer 27

Products leave the enzyme.

Question 28

What effect do environmental changes in temperature have on enzymes?

Answer 28

If the temperature increases, the enzyme looses shape, and the substrate would no longer fit.