Unit 2 Bioethics Flashcards
(50 cards)
What is the impact of human actions according to the Phenomenology of a Profession?
Human actions transform the individual, and through free actions, man develops himself. Actions can improve or degrade the individual.
What are the three areas where ethical responses are needed?
Job, Family, Friends.
Why are clinically oriented professions ethically significant?
They involve human beings, address individual vulnerability, impact patient quality of life, operate with limited resources, and require specialized training.
What is the Nuremberg Code?
A set of ethical principles for human experimentation established in 1947 in response to Nazi war crimes.
What is the historical perspective of the physician-patient relationship?
It has evolved from a holistic vision in ancient times to a focus on naturalist positivism in the 19th century.
What is the nature of the physician-patient relationship?
it is assymetric,with the physician as the expert and the patient as the vulnerable subject needing care.
What is the age of paternalism in the physician-patient relationship?
refers to a model where the physician makes decisions for the patient, often prioritizing the patient’s best interests while limiting their autonomy.
What does Models of Physician-Patient Relationship mean?
Physician and patient autonomy is limited by healthcare provider decisions, economic constraints, and service reduction by HMOs.
What is informed consent in clinical ethics?
A legal and ethical requirement rooted in the principle of autonomy, ensuring patients are fully informed, have capacity, and provide free consent before an intervention.
What is Conflict of Interest (COI) Situations: Promoter Influence?
Occurs when a promoter’s interests condition the outcome of a decision or research.
What is the significance of patient autonomy in medical decisions?
Patient autonomy allows patients to provide input on their treatment, leading to better adherence.
Is there a separation between professional actions and ethical actions?
No, there is no separation
-> all actions, whether professional, research, social, teaching, or ethical, configure us.
Why are some ethical decisions urgent?
They may involve situations like accidents or legal interventions.
What is a key ethical concern in clinical practice related to human beings?
The potential for manipulation and discrimination, and the ethical implications of life or death decisions.
What year was mechanical ventilation introduced?
1952
What characterized the holistic vision of medicine in ancient times?
A holistic approach to suffering with significant religious and spiritual input.
Why should a dominant situation between physician and patient be avoided?
It can hinder effective communication and trust, which are essential for healing.
What does paternalism eliminate in the physician-patient dynamic?
Paternalism eliminates the autonomy of the patient in various degrees, preventing them from making their own decisions regarding treatment.
Impact of HMO Management
Goal shifts from patient health to public expenditure, reflecting a utilitarian approach with focus on social health indicators.
What are the validity requirements for informed consent?
Consent must be informed, free, and from an individual with capacity.
What are COI Situations: Patient Selection?
Happens when patients are selected based on affinity or kinship rather than objective criteria.
How have advancements in medical and pharmaceutical sciences impacted understanding?
New standards and technical possibilities in medicine are only well understood by a few experts.
What is implied about good and evil in human actions?
Good and evil exist through our free actions, indicating that human actions determine what is good and bad.
What must all decisions consider?
An ethics component.
