Unit 2 Buzzwords

Question 1

Declaration of Independence

Answer 1

Pronouncement of independence from the British crown by the Second Continental Congress

Question 2

Articles of Confederation

Answer 2

First attempt by Founders to create a government, weak central government, more power to the states

Question 3

Federalism

Answer 3

Distribution of power in an organization between a central authority and a constituent

Question 4

Constitutional Convention of 1787

Answer 4

Meeting to decide how to revise Articles of Confederation, eventually ended in complete restart of Constititution

Question 5

Constitution

Answer 5

Adopted by Founders, stronger central government than Articles, officially adopted in 1789

Question 6

Virginia Plan

Answer 6

Plan presented by James Madison for 3 strong national branches of government and a bicameral legislature

Question 7

New Jersey Plan

Answer 7

Plan presented by state of New Jersey to limit each state to one vote in Congress, each state has one representative, so that small states aren’t overruled by larger ones

Question 8

Great (Connecticut) Compromise

Answer 8

Compromise presented by Roger Sherman and Oliver Ellsworth (Connecticut) providing a dual system of Congressional representation (bicameral)

Question 9

Three-Fifths Compromise

Answer 9

Compromise that 3 out of every 5 slaves would count for representation in the House of Representatives

Question 10

Federalists

Answer 10

Early political party that advocated for strong central government

Question 11

Anti-Federalists

Answer 11

Group of Americans who opposed creation of a stronger U.S federal government and opposed final ratification of the Constitution

Question 12

The Federalist Papers

Answer 12

Collection of 85 articles and essays written by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison promoting the ratification of the Constitution.

Question 13

Bill of Rights

Answer 13

Document that guarantees essential rights and civil liberties, first 10 amendments

Question 14

Necessary and proper clause (Elastic clause)- Implied Powers

Answer 14

Gives Congress power to “make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution,” allows the government to change over time

Question 15

Delegated powers

Answer 15

Powers granted to the federal government under the Constitution

Question 16

Reserved Powers

Answer 16

Powers reserved by the Constitution to the exclusive jurisdiction of a specified authority (10th amendment)

Question 17

Concurrent Powers

Answer 17

Powers shared by both the federal and state governments

Question 18

Denied Powers

Answer 18

Powers denied to nation and state governments to maintain balance and fairness