Unit 2: Cell Biology 1 Flashcards
(48 cards)
Name the 4 types of cells
Animal, plant, bacteria and fungal
What organelles are found in an animal cell and what do they do?
Nucleus- controls cell activities
Cytoplasm- where chemical resections take place
Cell membrane- controls what entered and exists the cell
Mitochondria- site of respiration, producing energy
Ribosome- site of protein synthesis
What organelles are found in a plant cell and what do they do?
Nucleus- controls cell activities
Cytoplasm- where chemical resections take place
Cell membrane- controls what entered and exists the cell
Mitochondria- site of respiration, producing energy
Ribosome- site of protein synthesis
Chloroplast- site of photosynthesis, producing glucose
Vacuole- stores cell sap
Cell wall- supports cell shape
What organelles are found in a bacteria cell and what do they do?
Cytoplasm- where chemical resections take place
Cell membrane- controls what entered and exists the cell
Ribosome- site of protein synthesis
Plasmid- small rings of DNA that can be replicated and transferred between bacteria
Cell wall- supports cell shape
Chromosome
What organelles are found in a fungal cell and what do they do?
Nucleus- controls cell activities
Cytoplasm- where chemical resections take place
Cell membrane- controls what entered and exists the cell
Mitochondria- site of respiration, producing energy
Ribosome- site of protein synthesis
Cell wall- supports cell shape
Vacuole- stores cell sap
What is different about a bacteria and fungal cell wall?
They are not composed of cellulose
What is the cell membrane composed of?
Two layers of Proteins and phospholipids molecules
Do the proteins stay still or move and what do they do?
The position of the proteins change and the membrane is constantly moving. They are embedded on top of going through the phospholipids acting as a Chanel.
What is a cell membrane?
It is selectively permeable
What does selectively permeable mean?
it will allow small soluble molecule to pass through but larger insoluble molecules cannot pass through.
Central vacuole
Liquid-filled, sac like structure in a plant cell that regulates the water content the cell and stores solutes
What does a nucleus contain?
Chromosomes and DNA
Organelle
General term for a functionally discrete, sub cellular structure normally surrounded by a membrane
What is passive transport?
Passive transport of materials can occur across a cell membrane. It is the movement of molecules down a concentration gradient from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration and it does not require energy.
Two examples of passive transport?
Diffusion and osmosis
What is diffusion?
Diffusion is the movement of molecules down a concentration gradient from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration until the concentrations are equal.
What are two substances which diffuse into a muscle cell and one which diffusestes out of muscle cell and why?
In- oxygen and glucose because they are required for aerobic respiration
Out- carbon dioxide because it is made during aerobic respiration so it leaves to remove waste,
What is osmosis?
Osmosis is the movement of water molecules from a region of higher water concentration to a region of lower water concentration through a selectively permeable membrane.
What is the effect of osmosis on animals cells?
When there is a lower water concentration outside the cell – water moves out of the cell and the cell shrinks.
When water concentrations are equal outside and inside of the cell there is no net (overall) movement of water.
When there is a higher water concentration outside the cell – water moves into the cell and the cell swells and then bursts.
What is the effect of osmosis on plant cells?
When there is a lower water
concentration outside of the cell – water moves out of the cell, causing the vacuole to shrink and cell contents to shrink away from the cell wall. Cell is plasmolysed.
When water concentrations are equal outside and inside of the cell there is no net (overall) movement of water.
When there is a higher water concentration outside of the cell – water moves into the cell, causing the vacuole to swell and cell contents to push against the cell wall. Cell is turgid.
What is active transport?
Active transport is the movement of molecules and/or ions by membrane proteins from a region of low concentration to a region of high concentration. As this movement goes against the concentration gradient it requires energy in the form of ATP.
Where does the energy required for active transport come from?
It is provided by aerobic respiration.
Contractile vacuole
Structure used by a unicellular animal to remove excess water gained by osmosis
What is DNA?
DNA is the chemical found in the nucleus of a cell, it contains the genetic information required to make all the proteins needed by the organism
