Unit 2 - Cells

Question 1

Nucleus

Answer 1

Control center of the cell, controls activities in the cell and cell reproduction. It contains DNA

Question 2

Cell Membrane

Answer 2

semi-permeable barrier around the cell. This means it lets some things in and stops others from entering the cell. Controls substances that flow in and out of the cell

Question 3

Ribosomes

Answer 3

Assemble and produce proteins. Can be floating free in cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum. (look like small dots)

Question 4

Cytoplasm

Answer 4

Gell-like clear liquid inside the cells that suspends other organelles

Question 5

What are the two types of cells

Answer 5

Prokaryotic cells and Eukaryotic cells

Question 6

Define Prokaryotic cells and list their features

Answer 6

The simpler, smaller, more ancient types of cells.

• Do not have a clear nucleus or membrane bound organelles.
• No nucleus. They have one chromosome of circular DNA. Their DNA is bunched up in the cell in an area known as the nucleoid.
• They have fewer compartments which means that most of their cell processes have to happen in the cytoplasm, instead of being organized into a compartment.
• These cells DO have a cell membrane, and often they contain flagella which helps in movement.
• The only organelle found in Prokaryotes is the ribosome.
• Eg. Bacteria and Archaea

Question 7

Define Eukaryotic cells and list their features

Answer 7

More complicated and modern. They are much larger and make up plants, animals and fungi.

• The most obvious sign that a cell is Eukaryotic is the presence of a nucleus
• Has membrane bound organelles.

Question 8

Organelles

Answer 8

Perform functions for the cells

Question 9

Mitochondria/mitochondrion

Answer 9

oval shaped organelle (bean with squiggles inside). Where the cell produces energey using the process of cellular respiration. Glucose + Oxygen = carbon dioxide, water, energy

Question 10

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 10

Rough or smooth. (blue folded things, complex network). Folded membranes that act as channels to transport proteins and other materials through the cytoplasm

Rough surrounds the nucleus and its surface is covered with ribosomes. Ribosomes make the surface rough.

Smooth. Connected to the outside of the nucleus and contains tubules

Question 11

Golgi body

Answer 11

Pink folded flower looking thing.

Receives proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum, sorts them, and packages them into little bag-like structures called vesicles. Vesicles break off and go into the cytoplasm.

Question 12

Vesicles

Answer 12

Membrane covered structures that carry around proteins, water, and nutrients around the cell and in and out of the cell. Break off from golgi body. called transport vesicles

Question 13

Vacuole

Answer 13

Structures that temporarily store water, other substances, and wastes in cells. Vacuoles in plant cells are usually much larger than those in animal cells. Can be found floating around anywhere in the cytoplasm. Much larger in plan cells than animal cells

Question 14

Lysosomes

Answer 14

Structures that contain digestive chemicals like enzymes, which break down and recycle worn-out organelles

Question 15

Cillia

Answer 15

Hair-like structures attached to the body of some cells. They can move together in a wave-like fashion and help the cell move around. Example in nasal passages to move mucus.

Question 16

Flagellum

Answer 16

Larger than cillia. A lash-like structure attached to the body of some cells. They can whip back and forth to help the cell swim through a liquid.

Question 17

Cell Wall

Answer 17

In plant cells and bacteria. A tough layer outside of the cell membrane. It can be rigid, which helps a plant cell hold its shape and protects the cell.

Question 18

Chloroplast

Answer 18

Green coloured. Only in plant cells. Carries out process of photosynthesis.