Unit 2: Cells Flashcards by marisol Deleon

Q

What are the 6 Characteristics of living organism

A

Respond to their environment
Grow, develop, and evolve (change over time)
Contain genetic material (DNA,RNA)
Obtain and use energy
Have the ability to reproduce
Are made of cells

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Q

Organism

A

Anything that has all the characteristics of life

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Q

Atoms

A

The basic unit of chemical element, a building block of everything

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Q

Molecules

A

2 or more atoms chemically combined

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Q

Cells

A

The smallest form of life

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Q

Tissues

A

A group of specialized cells

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Q

Organs

A

A group of tissues with a specific vital function

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Q

Organ-system

A

A group of organs that work together to perform a certain task

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Q

Life process

A

Process which keeps an organism alive

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Q

Which characteristic of life is it?

A dog eats food out a bowl

A

Obtain energy

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Q

Which characteristic of life is it?

A caterpillar becomes a butterfly

A

Grow and develop

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Q

Which characteristic of life is it?

A polar bear has whiter fur and lots of body fat

A

Responds to environment

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Q

Which characteristic of life is it?

A sunflower turns to face the sun

A

Respond to the environment

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Q

Which characteristic of life is it?

In puberty boys get more body hair and muscle

A

Evolve and contain generic material

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Q

Which characteristic of life is it?

A drop of blood has 1000’s of tiny red circles

A

Made of cells

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Q

Which characteristic of life is it?

An 8 pound baby becomes a 140-lb adult

A

Grow and develop

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Q

Which characteristic of life is it?

Bacteria split in half to make more bacteria

A

Reproduce

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Q

Which characteristic of life is it?

Fish have gills for breathing and find for swimming

A

Evolve

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Q

Which characteristic of life is it?

A tree gets 10 inches taller each year

A

Drove and develop, responds to the environment

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Q

Which characteristic of life is it?

Oak tree makes acorns

A

Reproduce

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Q

Which characteristic of life is it?

Leaves are made of tiny square-shaped units

A

Made of cells

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Q

Which characteristic of life is it?

A pumpkins contains thousands of seeds

A

Reproduce

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Q

Which characteristic of life is it?

A tadpole changes into a frog

A

Grow and develop, evolve

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Q

Which characteristic of life is it?

All plants use the sun to do photosynthesis

A

Responds to the environment, evolve, grow and develop

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Which characteristic of life is it? Leaves shrivel and turn brown during drought

Responds to the environment

Which characteristic of life is it? A turtles hard shell protects its soft bodies

Grow and develop, evolve, genetic material

What is a cell?

A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions Most are microscopic

What are the parts of the cell theory?

1. All living things are made of cells 2. Smallest living unit of structure and function of all organism is the cell 3. All cells arise from preexisting cells

Characteristics of all Cells ?

A surrounding membrane Cytoplasm- cells contents in thick fluid Organelles- structures for cell function. Control center with DNA

Hooke did what?

Was the first to see "cells"

What did Leeuwenhoek do?

Was the first to see tiny organism in pond water

What did schleiden conclude?

Concluded that all plants are made of cells

What did Schwann conclude?

Concludes that animals are made of cells

What did Virchow conclude?

Concluded that cells come from pre-existing cells

What did Margulis purpose?

That some organelles were once free living cells themselves

Prokaryotes | And an example r

Cells that do not have a nucleus or membrane bound organelle Bacteria

Biology

The study of Life and living organisms, including their structure, function, growth, evolution, distribution, and taxonomy

Cell membrane and phospholipid bi-layer

Controls movement in and out

Cytoplasm

Fluid which contains organelles (the filling ) | Hold organelles in place

Endoplasmic reticulum

Moves substances within cells (transport) | Transports materials

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Manufactures proteins within the cells

Ribosome

Transcribed rna into amino acids

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Transports carbohydrates and lipids with the cell

Vacuole

Storage digestion & waste removal in plants

Chloroplasts

Found in plants cells & where photosynthesis occurs

Mitochondria

Energy maker for eukaryotes (animals and plants )

Plasmid

Small DNA molecule (typically a ring)

Nucleus

Contains the genetic material of a cell--DNA

Cilia & Flagella

Provide motility (movement) of cells

Obtain and use energy

Eating and photosynthesis

Responds to the environment

Coats/ hibernating and losing leaves

Genetic material

DNA/ RNA

Able to reproduce

Spitting, sexual, seeds

Grow/ develop/ evolve

Baby-> adult

Made of cells

Know the 3 main parts of the cell Theory

The similaritys between prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Cell membrane Cytoplasm Organelles Genetic material

What is a stem cell and where do they come from

Stem cells that are able to differentiate. They come from the blastocyst at first, then each tissue has their own

What does differentiate mean?

Able to change, or adapt

When do stem cells begin to differentiate

During digestion when a baby develops

What would happen to an organism if it's cells dos not differentiate

It would just be the same type cell, and would not be able to perform different functions

Can the process you described in your flow chart run backwards to produce stem cells from specialized cells, such that the cells that make up your bones? Why or why not

Absolutely not, the sad thing is once a stem cell differentiates, it cannot be reversed

What did Robert Hooke do

First to see cells

Is it a plant, animal, or both 1. Cell wall 2. Centrioles 3. Chloroplast 4. Mitochondria

1. Plant 2. both 3. plants 4. Both

The basic units of life in all living things are

Cells

The cell membrane

Controls movement in an out of the cell

Vacuoles

Storage- only found in plant cells

Mitochondria

Energy maker for eukaryotes

Ribosomes

Transcribes RNA I to amino acids and makes protei.

Lysosomes

Transports undigested material the the cell membrane for removal

How are prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells similar

Cell membrane, cytoplasm, organelles and DNA

In what way are plant cells and animal cells similar

They are even eukaryotes, they have a nucleus

Name 3 feature that make a plant cell different from an animal cell

Cell wall Chloroplast Vacuoles for food storage

Which feature of the cell allows us to place it into one of two broad to sell categories

The nucleus

What is the main function of the cell wall

Protects and supports this plant cell

What is the term to cells having different structures and functions in an organism

Cell specialization

Muscle cells are very active cells that require high amount of energy to function. Which organelle would be in high numbers with in a muscle cell

Mitochondria

Bonus | Not all plant cells contain chloroplasts. Which part of a plant would have cells with highest # of chloroplast?

The leaves- they are the patsy exposed to the sun

Nucleolus

Located within the nucleus, it is responsible for producing ribosomes