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Biology Unit 2 Additional Cards > Unit 2, Chapter 6 Glencoe Biology > Flashcards

Unit 2, Chapter 6 Glencoe Biology Flashcards

1
Q

What is are atoms made up of?

A

neutrons, protons and electrons.

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2
Q

Where are the protons, neutrons and electrons locate in an atom?

A

neutrons and protons are in the nucleus (center) of the atom. Electrons move around the nucleus at various energy levels

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3
Q

atoms contain an equal number of what?

A

Protons and Electrons.

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4
Q

structure of an atom is the result of…

A

the attraction between protons and electrons.

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5
Q

What is a pure substance that cannot be broken down into other substances, made of only one type of atom called?

A

element

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6
Q

how many naturally occuring elements are identified

A

92

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7
Q

what is the horizontal row and vertical column called on the periodic table

A

horizontal row: period, vertical column: groups

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8
Q

living things are composed of primarily what elements?

A

carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

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9
Q

most abundant substance in living things

A

hydrogen

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10
Q

what is an ionic bond

A

electrical attraction between two oppositely charged atoms called ions

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11
Q

how many electrons make for a full outer layer in an atom

A

8

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12
Q

what is an ion

A

an atom that has lost or gained electrons

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13
Q

when is an atom most stable

A

when its outermost energy level is empty or completely filled

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14
Q

atoms of an element can have different numbers of what?

A

neutrons

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15
Q

what causes radiation

A

when the nucleus breaks down or breaks apart

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16
Q

what is a compound

A

pure substance formed when two or more different elements combine

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17
Q

what is an isotope

A

forms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons

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18
Q

what types of bonds can elements form

A

covalent and ionic.

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19
Q

is Carbon Monoxide(CO) an element and why?

A

two different elements in the CO formula, an element can’t be broken down into different elements

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20
Q

are all compounds molecules, why?

A

All compounds are molecules but not all molecules are compounds.A molecule is formed when two or more atoms join together chemically. A compound is a molecule that contains at least two different elements.

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21
Q

contrast potential energy and kinetic energy

A

Potential Energy is the stored energy in an object or system because of its position or configuration. Kinetic energy of an object is relative to other moving and stationary objects in its immediate environment.

22
Q

difference between physical change and chemical reaction

A

chemical reaction atoms are reorganized into different substances. physical change: appearance changes but not composition.

23
Q

what is a reactant and a product?

A

reactant: starting substances left side of the arrow products are substances formed during the reaction right side of the arrow

24
Q

define conservation of mass

A

matter cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction

25
Q

how does a chemical equation balance

A

number of atoms of each element must equal on both sides of the arrow

26
Q

what is activation energy

A

the minimum amount of energy to start a chemical reaction

27
Q

what is a catalyst

A

substance that lowers activation energy needed to start a chemical reaction

28
Q

what does an enzyme do

A

Enzymes speed up chemical reactions that take place in the cells. Temperature, pH and regulatory molecules can affect their function.

29
Q

identify the parts of this reaction: A+B=AB

A

A reactant B reactant AB product

30
Q

what is an active site

A

the specific location where a substrate binds on an enzyme.

31
Q

what is a polar molecule, give an example

A

water: uneven distribution of electrons, resulting in oppositely charged regions

32
Q

solution

A

homogeneous mixture with a solute is dissolved into a solvent

33
Q

what does a lipid do, does it dissolve in water

A

made of glycerol and fatty acids, it stores energy. does NOT dissolve in water, which allows it to serve as a barrier in biological membranes.

34
Q

factors that affect the 3-dimensional shape of a protein

A

the shape of a protein is determined solely by its amino acid sequence.

35
Q

name the four types of biological macromolecules

A

Carbs, Lipids, Proteins, and Nucleic Acids

36
Q

van der Waals forces

A

Slight attraction that develops between oppositely charged regions of nearby molecules.

37
Q

Explain the relationship between atoms, elements, and compounds

A

An atom is the smallest form of matter. An element is a pure substance consisting of entirely one type of atom (H - Hydrogen). A compound is formed by the combination of two or more elements in definite proportion (H2O)

38
Q

3 major roles of proteins

A

1) they control the rate of reactions and regulate cell processes
2) form important cellu.ar structures
3) transport substances into or out of cells or help fight disease

39
Q

Explain the relationship between atoms, elements and compounds.

A

Atoms join together to form elements, elements join together to form compounds.

40
Q

How does the structure of water contribute to its unique properties?

A

Water is a polar molecule which allows it to form multiple hydrogen bonds.

41
Q

What is the relationship between solutions, solutes and solvents.

A

The solvent dissolves the solute to create the solution.

42
Q

What are the functions of each of the four groups of macromolecules?

A

Carbohydrates - main source of energy and for structural purposes.
Lipids - used to store energy; important parts of biological membranes and waterproof coverings.
Nucleic acids - store and transmit hereditary or genetic information.
Proteins - control rate of reactions and regulate cell processes, form important cellular structures and transport substances into/out of cells or fight disease.

43
Q

Nucleic acid

A

Macromolecule containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus.

44
Q

The attraction between the hydrogen atom on one water molecule and the oxygen atom on another water molecule is called a(n)

A

hydrogen bond

45
Q

The major functions of proteins in cells include

A

regulating cell processes, transporting substances and controlling reactions

46
Q

If a reaction in one direction releases energy, the same reaction in the other direction

A

requires energy

47
Q

what type of bonds join amino acids in proteins

A

peptide

48
Q

what forms nucleic acids?

A

chains of nucleotides

49
Q

List the uses of radioactive isotopes

A

radiation therapy for cancer patients and calculating the age of objects.

50
Q

what is an isotope?

A

atom of the same element with different numbers of neutrons

Biology Unit 2 Additional Cards (1 decks)

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