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Intro to Film Studies > Unit 2:Cinematogaphy: The Shot > Flashcards

Unit 2:Cinematogaphy: The Shot Flashcards

review Cinematogaphy: The Shot terms and conepts Film: Walkabout

1
Q

What is cinamatography

A

a general term for all the manipulations of the film strip by the camera in the
shooting phase and by the laboratory in the developing phase.

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2
Q

what is a shot

A
  1. In shooting, one uninterrupted run of the camera to expose a series of frames. Also called a
    take.
  2. In a finished film, one uninterrupted image with a single static or mobile framing.
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3
Q

what is a long take

A

a shot of unusually long duration

the textbook says a minimum 1 minute

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4
Q

what is a scene

A
  • a unit of dramatic action that takes place in one location during a single time period.
  • a coherent unit: one that has its own beginning, middle and end.
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5
Q

what is a sequence

A

-a component of film narrative that maintains a unity of time, place or dramatic action but
introduces a discontinuity
ex.pretty woman shopping scene

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6
Q

what is a sequence shot

A

-A single shot or long take that covers an entire sequence or scene from beginning to end.

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7
Q

Three important variables of the shot:

A

Camera height
Angle on the action
Distance from the action

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8
Q

Camera height

A

The height at which the camera is placed.

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9
Q

Eye-level shot

A

A shot taken from a level camera located approximately 5’ to 6’ from the ground, simulating the
perspective of a person standing before the action presented.

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10
Q

Camera Angles

A

High Angle Shots
Low-Angle Shots
Canted or Dutch Angle
Overhead shot (bird’s eye shot)

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11
Q

High Angle shot

A

Where the camera is positioned above the character or action and aimed downward.

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12
Q

low angle shot

A

position the camera below the subject.

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13
Q

canted or dutch angle

A

leans to one side. The frame is not parallel with the horizon.

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14
Q

birds eye arial shot

A

depicts the action or subject from above sometimes looking down on it.

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15
Q

Camera Distance

A

refers to the space between the camera and its subject.

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16
Q

Extreme Long Shot (XLS)

A

A framing in which the scale of the object is very small; a human subject is very small in relation
to the surrounding environment

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17
Q

Long Shot (LS)

A

The camera captures the figure of the subject in its entirety.
It is more prominent because it occupies relatively more space in the frame, but is still entirely
within the frame

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18
Q

Medium Long Shot (MLS)

A

A three quarter length view of a character (from approximately the knees up).

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19
Q

Medium Shot (MS)

A

A framing in which the scale of the object shown is of moderate size; a human figure seen from
the waist up would film most of the screen.

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20
Q

Medium Close Up (MCU)

A

A framing in which the scale of the object shown is fairly large; a human figure seen from the
chest up would fill most of the screen.

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21
Q

Close Up (CU)

A

A framing in which the scale of the object shown is relatively large; most commonly a person’s
head seen from the neck up, or an object of comparable size fills most of the screen

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22
Q

Extreme Close Up (XCU)

A

A framing in which the scale of the object shown is very large; most commonly, a small object
or a part of the body.

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23
Q

Wide Angle Lens 21- 35 mm

A

produces wide angle views
makes subjects appear farther apart than they actually are.
near complete depth of field (almost all objects in frame in focus)

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24
Q

Normal lens 35mm-70mm

A

produces images that correspond to our day-to-day experience of depth and perspective
keeps all subjects in a normal sense of focus

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25
Q

Telephoto lens 70-135mm

A

Produces deep-angle views
Brings distant objects close
Flattens space and depth
Makes subjects look closer than they actually are
can leave most of the background and foreground out of focus

26
Q

Zoom Lens

A

lens with a variable focal length

produces images that simulate the effect of camera movement toward or away from the subject

27
Q

Zoom In

A

the act of changing the len’s focal length to narrow the field of a distant object, magnifying and
reframing it, often in close-up, while the camera remains stationary.

28
Q

Zoom Out

A

Zoom Out

29
Q

“Pan and Scan”

A

The process used to transfer a widescreen-format film to the standard television aspect ratio.

30
Q

Film Stock:

A

The strip of material upon which a series of still photographs is registered; it consists of a clear
base coated on one side with a light-sensitive emulsion.

31
Q

Film Speed

A

-refers to the film’s sensitivity to light.

32
Q

fast film stock

A

very sensitive to light

33
Q

slow film stock

A

less sensitive to light

34
Q

Aperture (F-stop):

A

refers to size of the opening that is letting light into the camera and exposing
the film

35
Q

Focal Length:

A

is the distance from the centre of the lens to the point where light rays converge
to a point of focus on the film.

36
Q

Film Gauge:

A

the width of the film stock.

37
Q

Aspect Ratio:

A

the relationship of the frame’s width to its height.

38
Q

Standard Aspect Ratio

A

4:3 or 1.33:1

four to three ratio of width to height

39
Q

Widescreen

A

aspect ratio of roughly 2.5:1

40
Q

Pan and Scan

A

The process used to transfer a widescreen-format film to the standard television aspect ratio.

41
Q

Contrast

A

In cinematography, the difference between the brightest and darkest areas within the frame.

42
Q

High contrast image

A

displays bright white lights, stark black areas with a narrow range of grays in between.

43
Q

Low contrast image

A

has a wide range of grays with no true white or black areas.

44
Q

Depth of Field

A

is the range of distances before the lens within which objects can be photographed in sharp
focus.

45
Q

Deep space

A

is a term for the way the filmmaker has staged the action on several planes, regardless of whether
or not all of these planes are in focus.

46
Q

Deep focus:

A

A use of the camera lens and lighting that keeps both the close and distant planes being
photographed in sharp focus.

47
Q

Rack Focus:

A

Changing the focus from one subject to another.

48
Q

Slow motion:

A

camera records images at a speed faster than that at which it is projected

49
Q

Fast motion

A

cinematographers record images at a slower speed than the speed of projection.

50
Q

Frozen time moment also “bullet time”

A

created through photography and digital effects

51
Q

Split screen:

A

cinematography combines two or more images into a single frame, giving
audiences multiple perspectives.

52
Q

what is tonality

A

how light registers on film

53
Q

factors used to control contrast

A

lighting, filters, film stock, lab processing, post production work

54
Q

how is tinting done

A

dipping already developed film in dye
dark areas remain the same
light areas picked up color

55
Q

how is toning done

A

dye is added during the developing of the positive print
dark areas are colored
light areas remain white/uncoloured

56
Q

speed of motion depends on two factors

A

rate the film was shot

rate of projection

57
Q

what are rates calcualted in

A

frames per second

58
Q

what is ramping

A

varying the frame rate during shooting

sometimes used to emphasize a bit of action

59
Q

superimposing

A

images laid over one another

60
Q

composite

A

separate photos blended together in a single composition

61
Q

rear projection

A

people shown in moving vehicles and the scenery whizzes by

62
Q

matte work

A

portion of the setting photographed on a strip of film, usually with a part of the frame empty

Intro to Film Studies (11 decks)

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