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Unit 2 - Classical Era Flashcards

1
Q

confucianism

A

morals = harmony; after Qin dynasty, if superior person is nice then the inferior person will obey

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2
Q

daoism

A

nature and simple life, people practice complement of each other (yin-yang)

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3
Q

legalism

A

during Qin dynasty, clear laws with harsh punishment

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4
Q

Qin Dynasty

A

unified by Qin Shuhuangdi, legalism (brutal, didn’t last long)

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5
Q

Qin Shuhuangdi

A

unified China, implements Legalism

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6
Q

Han dynasty

A

after Qin, merit based government (civil service exams), social divides (landlord, merchants, scholar-gentry, peasants)

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7
Q

Wang Mang

A

believed in confucianism, overthrew Han dynasty, Robin Hood (took from rich, gave loans and land to poor - unsuccessful)

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8
Q

Agriculture in China

A

peasants grew rice, respected under Confucian values (did their own thing)

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9
Q

Dynastic cycles for Qin and Han

A

the yellow turban rebellion scared china and sent them back to being warring states

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10
Q

Responses to warring state period

A

legalism and Qin dynasty

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11
Q

Yellow Turban Rebellion

A

peasants were suffering (inconsiderate gov, crops failing, mean landlords); suppressed but scared state -> sent back to warring period

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12
Q

Silk Roads

A

mainly luxury goods traded to justify cost of travel (SILK), prospered under Mongols, Byzantine, Abbasids, and Tang Dynasty (encourage being merchant)

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13
Q

Zoroatrianism

A

Zarathustra; Spread through trade routes like the silk road to Asia, Middle East, and Europe

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14
Q

Legalism

A

Hsun Tzu; spread through teachings and adoption of ideas by political figures, through China

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15
Q

Confucianism

A

Confucius; spread through relocation diffusion via Korean Peninsula to Korean Peninsula and Japan

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16
Q

Daoism

A

Lao Tzu; spread through emigration from China to East Asian countries (Singapore, Malaysia)

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17
Q

Hinduism

A

fusion of multiple info-aryan people’s beliefs; spread through expansion diffusion and relocation through sailors to Southeast Asia

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18
Q

Buddhism

A

Siddhartha Gautama; spread through trade networks on land and sea; monks spread teachings -> to west and east Asia

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19
Q

Judaism

A

Abraham; Anti-semitism and general persecution forced Jews to relocate constantly to Egypt, Syria, Asia Minor, Greece, and Italy

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20
Q

Christianity

A

Jesus; spread by disciples, emperors, kings, missionaries -> worldwide

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21
Q

Spread of buddhism

A

appeals to merchants, goes from India to China through/to oasis cities

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22
Q

Greek rationalism

A

secular thought process (not religious)

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23
Q

Black Plague

A

Byzantines got it from Egyptian grain (plague of Justinian), Mongols spread along silk road

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24
Q

Epidemic diseases spread by silk road

A

malaria, Black Plague, smallpox, measles

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25
Benefits of black plague
lower population, higher wages for peasants, more resistance to disease
26
Why did Rome collapse?
many reasons: invaders, overextension, conflict between nobles and state, climate change, epidemic disease
27
Results of Fall of Classical Empires
rome split up into different states, china got re-established bc cultural homogeneity
28
Roman law changes
monarchy -> republic -> empire; gave ppl citizenship as needed
29
Roman social classes
patricians: rich ppl, 1%, plebeians: peasants, do all the hard work (Hill of Reformation)
30
Roman Government Structure
tribunes: pleb reps, consuls: leaders of Rome, + senate
31
Julius Caeser
poor patrician family -> dictator for lie; conquered Gaul in the Battle of Alesia, crosses the rubicon; killed by senators
32
Augustus Caesar
first emperor; called Principe (first citizen), ruled 40 years
33
pax romana
period of roman peace
34
Colosseum
meant for entertainment so plebeians wouldn't revolt (it worked!); gladiator fights, naval battles, tons of exits
35
Roman engineering
aqueducts for water transport, columns, arches, domes, roads
36
Spartacus revolt
huge uprising to escape Roman slavery; ultimately failed -> Spartacus became respected/inspirational symbol
37
Meroe
egalitarian, extensive trading networks, ironworks
38
Axum
embraced Christianity when Rome does, imperialistic; wants to expand trade networks, declines during rise of Islam
39
Niger River Civilization
little coercive government, highly specialized economy, semi-caste society based on profession
40
Bantu migration
slow, family driven, language and culture moves before people
41
Sand roads
travel across Sahara with camels; expensive, in groups; traded GOLD; Arab merchants spread Islam
42
Sand road kingdoms
Ghana empire (GOLD), Empire of Mali (MANSA MUSA)
43
Swahili civilization
collections of cities along East Africa (coast -> center and back); merchants have power
44
Maya
intellectual, calendar, ball game, advanced writing system, strong city states that never fully unite
45
Americas
little interaction with one another, religious human sacrifice, influenced by Olmec
46
Teotihuacan
trading powerhouse, large army, mysteriously collapses
47
Americas Trade Networks
loosely connected trade networks, ball game and maize spread; most trade done within civilization not with others
48
Pocheta
professional Aztec trader
49
Aztec trade
private, land based
50
Mayan trade
private, also conducted sea trade along coast
51
Incan trade
huge road system (20,000 miles), quipus, network of accountants, huge government storehouses
52
quipus
knotted cord used for accounting
53
Maize
corn, diffuses throughout Americas, proof of trade
54
Indian Ocean Trade
cheaper than silk road, mastered monsoons for efficiency
55
regulation of trade
Islamic states had fees for non-Islamic merchants, caused many merchants to convert
56
religious transmission
spread of buddhism (appealed to merchants bc no caste system), buddhism also changed as it spread
57
Archaic Art
archaic smile, rigid
58
classical art
more active, idealizes
59
Hellenistic art
motion and emotion, realistic, less beauty, spiral composition
60
kouros
standing male nude
61
contrapposto
one leg supports weight of body while other is bent, relaxing (natural, realistic)
62
spiral composition
twist of body
63
oculus
round, circular hole or window
64
concrete
strong and flexible, represented roman values
65
coffers
recessed panel in ceiling, in Pantheon, helped lessen weight of dome
66
didactic art
tells people how to behave, role in society, etc
67
filial
obedient son/daughter (fulfill societal role)
68
ni zan formula
foreground: detailed foliage midground: large body of water background: less detailed landscape

WHAP (1 decks)

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