Unit 2 Communicable Diseases

Question 1

An acute, febrile respiratory infection that may exhibit systemic manifestations

Answer 1

Influenza

Question 2

A major change in the antigens of Influenza is referred to as a/an

Answer 2

Antigenic shift

Question 3

A minor change in the antigens of Influenza is referred to as a/an

Answer 3

Antigenic drift

Question 4

The average influenza incubation period is

Answer 4

1-3 days

Question 5

Symptoms of Influenza include

Answer 5

Chills
Fever
Headache
Aching
Malaise

Question 6

Why is the Air Force so concerned about influenza if most people fully recover?

Answer 6

large outbreaks threaten operational readiness and severely compromise the Air Force’s ability to accomplish the mission

Question 7

What is the purpose of the Influenza Surveillance Program?

Answer 7

identify new strains

Question 8

A communicable disease affecting the lungs and in some cases, other parts of the body

Answer 8

Tuberculosis

Question 9

How is tuberculosis transmitted from one individual to another?

Answer 9

Through droplet nuclei suspended in air for prolonged periods

Question 10

Incubation period for Tuberculosis

Answer 10

4-12 weeks

Question 11

During which stage of tuberculosis do bacilli multiply slowly, with some remaining in the lungs, while others travel to the lymph nodes and the blood stream?

Answer 11

Infection stage

Question 12

During which stage of tuberculosis do bacilli encapsulate and remain in the alveoli of the lung until conditions favor growth?

Answer 12

Dormant stage

Question 13

Which stage follows either the infection or the dormant stage?

Answer 13

Active stage

Question 14

Which tuberculin skin test is used by the Air Force to screen members for tuberculosis?

Answer 14

Mantoux test

Question 15

For a provider to confirm an active tuberculosis diagnosis, it is essential to perform this test.

Answer 15

Sputum culture

Question 16

The spirochete, Treponema pallidum causes

Answer 16

Syphilis

Question 17

How is syphilis transmitted?

Answer 17

close sexual contact with a person who has an infectious lesion or chancre

Question 18

What is the incubation period for syphilis?

Answer 18

10-90 days, average 21 days

Question 19

During which stage of development is syphilis first detectable through laboratory testing?

Answer 19

Primary stage

Question 20

The most specific, effective means of identifying syphilis in the primary stage is through

Answer 20

Dark field microscopy

Question 21

This type of test is more popular for use in confirming a syphilis infection and results in reports that are reactive, nonreactive, and borderline.

Answer 21

Fluorescent Treponemal Antibody-Absorption (FTA-ABS)

Question 22

Which type of syphilis manifestation are you seeing if there is a raised, tabletop or mushroom-like papule with a pale, white soggy appearance on the genitals or rectum?

Answer 22

Condylomata lata.

Question 23

In which stage of syphilis do the secondary lesions disappear?

Answer 23

Early latent

Question 24

The treatment of choice for syphilis is

Answer 24

penicillin

Question 25

What are the modes of gonorrhea transmission

Answer 25

oral penile vaginal rectal

Question 26

Common terms often used to describe urethral gonorrhea are

Answer 26

drip, burn, & clap

Question 27

What is the most common, and most serious, complication of female gonorrhea infections?

Answer 27

Pelvic inflammatory disease

Question 28

The most reliable method of gonorrhea diagnosis is to find the organisms by

Answer 28

smear or culture

Question 29

Which disease has an incubation period of one to three weeks, with an average of seven to 14 days

Answer 29

Chlamydia

Question 30

Which diagnostic method is the quickest for identifying chlamydia infections?

Answer 30

Skin scraping

Question 31

For chlamydial infections, using a topical spermicidal or bactericidal agent during intercourse is an example of

Answer 31

Prevention and controls

Question 32

The herpes simplex virus (HSV) 1 mainly causes this in an infected person

Answer 32

cold sores or fever blisters on the mouth

Question 33

The herpes simplex virus (HSV) 2 mainly causes this in an infected person

Answer 33

Nerve cells invasion in genital area

Question 34

After the initial infection, the virus incubates for about two to 12 days, with six to seven days being the average incubation time

Answer 34

Herpes

Question 35

Which diagnostic method is the most specific and sensitive to confirming herpes?

Answer 35

Tissue culture

Question 36

This disease is similar to gonorrhea in almost every respect except that the causes are different. This disease primarily affects men

Answer 36

Nongonococcal urethritis (NGU)

Question 37

Which sexually transmitted disease (STD) starts with a pimple-like sore and, if left untreated, forms a bubo in most patients?

Answer 37

Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV)

Question 38

Which diagnostic method is more specific for detecting human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibodies?

Answer 38

Western blot

Question 39

This method is a key factor in preventing the spread of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

Answer 39

Education

Question 40

There are two keys to conducting a successful interview concerning sexually transmitted infections (STI). The first key is the interviewer must be knowledgeable, and second, the

Answer 40

Interviewer must control the conversation

Question 41

Which disease is an inflammation of the liver that may be caused by bacteria, viruses, protozoa, helminths, chemicals, or drugs

Answer 41

Hepatitis

Question 42

Which form of hepatitis has an average incubation period of 28 to 30 days?

Answer 42

A

Question 43

Which form of hepatitis has an average incubation period of 60 to 90 days?

Answer 43

B

Question 44

Which form of hepatitis is the primary cause of hepatocellular carcinoma, a form of liver cancer?

Answer 44

B

Question 45

What must be present for the Delta virus to infect an individual and cause illness?

Answer 45

Hepatitis B

Question 46

In order for the hepatitis A vaccine (immune globulin) to be effective, how soon must it be given after exposure to hepatitis?

Answer 46

Within 2 weeks

Question 47

Which group of workers is at risk for occupational exposure to hepatitis B?

Answer 47

Dental

Question 48

Individuals exposed to HBV should be given hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) within

Answer 48

one week of exposure

Question 49

What are keys to effectively controlling and preventing the spread of viral hepatitis?

Answer 49

Provide education and sanitary controls

Question 50

A virus that affects the central nervous system, and results in fatal encephalitis

Answer 50

Rabies

Question 51

This stage of rabies is usually between 14 and 90 days after exposure

Answer 51

Stage 1, Incubation period

Question 52

This stage of rabies is also known as the Prodrome phase and is when individuals show the first clinical symptoms

Answer 52

Stage 2

Question 53

Immunizations for rabies after exposure to the disease must be given prior to the onset of encephalitis. The onset of encephalitis occurs in this stage of rabies

Answer 53

Stage 3, Acute neurological phase

Question 54

This stage of rabies occurs after the neurological phase

Answer 54

Stage 4, Coma leading to death or recovery

Question 55

Which type of animals are the primary reservoirs of rabies in most foreign countries?

Answer 55

Dogs

Question 56

When an animal is suspected of having rabies in a bite case on base, which individual or agency is responsible for determining if the animal is rabid?

Answer 56

Army veterinarian

Question 57

Which individual or agency is responsible for the treatment of the patient suspected of having rabies?

Answer 57

Healthcare provider (HCP)

Question 58

Which individual or agency is responsible for monitoring the overall program, ensuring that the patients receive treatment, determining if the animals have been found and placed in quarantine by qualified individuals, and determining the risk of active rabies in the biting animals?

Answer 58

Public Health

Question 59

Which immunization is given to treat personnel exposed to rabies?

Answer 59

Human diploid cell vaccine

Question 60

Prevention of human rabies is provided by administering _____ as soon as possible after exposure to neutralize the virus in the bite wound, and then by giving vaccine to elicit active immunity.

Answer 60

human rabies immune globulin (HRIG)