Unit 2 - Constitution and Westward Expansion Flashcards
(48 cards)
1
Q
Double Jeopardy
A
- you can only be tried once per crime
- once proven innocent you can admit to the crime and not be punished because the case closed
2
Q
Self Incrimination
A
- you cannot self-incriminate
- plead the 5th
- don’t say anything that could be used against you in court
3
Q
Slander vs. Libel
A
- both rumors that are untrue
- slander is spoken
- libel is written
4
Q
Articles of Confederation
A
- first attempt at a constitution
- during the revolution
- weak colonial/stat gov –> no say
- Need to centralize gov
- not too strong, but necessary
- needed to keep promises
- National gov power < state gov power
- not united
5
Q
Federalists
A
- believed in the constitution
- lived in coastal areas
- worked in commerce
wants: - strong and stable federal gov established
- more international trade
6
Q
Anti-Federalists
A
- believed the constitution didn’t give barriers against potential abuse of fed gov
- lived in rural areas
- thought that fed gov was far from their beliefs
wants: - favored more power to the state govs
7
Q
Bicameral
A
2 houses or branches
8
Q
Electoral College
A
- electoral vote- based or members of congress (HR + Senate)
- 55 votes in the beginning (amt of ppl @ convention)
- ONLY politicians voted (not the rest of
americans) - Popular vote - winner take all in the state
gives pres. all of their
electoral votes
- except Maine + Nebraska - electors DONT HAVE to cast their vote as the popular votes leans
9
Q
James Madison
A
- was a nobody until the constitutional convention
- took advantage of the ego in the room + studied up –> came with a plan
- 600 printed pages of notes - “Father of the Constitution”
- self-selected secretary of the convention
- proposed 12 AMENDMENTS
- only 10 approved (Bill of Rights)
10
Q
George Washington
A
- 1st president
- owned slaves but was against it …?
- good, natural leader
- militia men commander (where he got his experience)
- antifederalist
11
Q
James K. Polk
A
- President
- only cared about expanding America
- hired Taylor to provoke Santa Anna
“American blood on American soil’
12
Q
Zachary Taylor
A
- sent to poke at Santa Anna to start the war
- Military Leader
13
Q
Mountain Men
A
- went to the mountains for beaver pelts
- hard job - solitary
- 1/4 of men survived
- Unfriendly native Americans
- ephiram (grizzly bears)
- Freeze to death
- Rendezvous
- left because fashion changed and beaver were going extinct and the fur became worth less
14
Q
Pioneer (westward) Women
A
- Claimable land and education available for them (not normal in america)
- built towns
- did dangerous jobs
- were trailblazers - inspiring independent women
- got more dominance + did domestic tasks
15
Q
Mormons
A
- treated Natives as EQUALS - friends - kept their relationships good
- left buildings for others to use once they moved on
- lived in a cluster - keep the culture
alive - environmental friendly
- Polygamy - men should have many wives
- more wives the more God loves you - Joseph Smith + Brigham Young
16
Q
Christian Missionaries
A
- belief that Christianity will “civilize” the west
- tried to convert Native Americans and mormons and protestants
- Natives were FORCED to convert brutally
- a whole town was burned down killing
800 natives because they resisted
- a whole town was burned down killing
- Natives became slaves to missionaries
- Natives lost trust in Christians because they would do the opposite of what they preached
- Whitman family
17
Q
49ers
A
- went west for GOLD
- people from all over the WORLD came to California
- reshaping California
- changed the culture in California too
- life was hard
- panning for gold
- high crime rates
- not much housing or sanitation
- easier to lose money because it was
expensive to live there - 4 year long Gold Rush
- most people would make more money not digging for gold and selling shovels, renting out housing, or selling their land because there was POSSIBLE gold on it
- Levi Staus
18
Q
Shays Rebellion
A
- 1000 farmers revolt against bank
- felt that they were cheated by the bank
- angry –> kill, burn, attack the bank because of the loans
- militia men needed help but no one came to help from other states –> U.S. was divided by states now
19
Q
Constitutional Convention
A
- May, 1787, Philadelphia
- secret
- meeting of the states
- 55 delegates
- all the same, “well bred, well fed, well
wed”, 2/3 lawyers - 75% of the delegates were slave owners
20
Q
Manifest Destiny
A
land Acquisition of white Americans expanding America
21
Q
Mexican Cession
A
- Border dispute - nueces or rio Degrande
- Zachary Taylor
- James K. Polk
- 18 mo later
- mexico city fallen
- Treaty of Guadalupe
- Mexican Cession land is claimed
- Ends the war w/ Mexico
- $15 mil - “saving face” - lightened
the blow of the loss of land
- gave us a start to railroad building
- gold on the land
22
Q
Assimilation (Americanization of Natives)
A
- Converting Native Americans to a more white culture
- Boarding school
- Adoption
23
Q
Three Branches of Government
A
- Legislative
- Judicial
- Executive
- none of them had more power over another
- balanced (not monarchy like)
24
Q
Legeslative / House of Congress
A
- bicameral legislature
- house of representatives (based on
population)
- senate (based on equality)
- house of representatives (based on
25
Judicial
- Supreme court
26
Excectutive
- president
- vice president
- cabinet
27
1st amendment
Freedom of speech, religion, petition, assembly, and press
- no rumors for speech and press + no threats
- PEACEFUL assembly
- religion cannot infringe on other religions
28
2nd amendment
Bear arms
- you can own a gun
- reasons:
- hunt
- self-protection
- on case of the british
29
3rd amendment
Quartering soldiers
- you can deny a soldier asking to stay in your home
30
4th amendment
Search and seizure
- police need to follow certain procedures to arrest and search a house
- warrant needed to search a house
- to get a warrant evidence is needed
for a judge to approve
31
5th amendment
Due process of law
- Double jeopardy
- grand jury
- self incrimination
- Due process
- Just compensation
32
6th amendment
- Speedy + fair trial
- witness council
- jury present
33
7th amendment
Jury for civil suits
- right to a jury being present for someone suing for over $20
- civil case (suing for $) NOT CRIMINAL
34
8th amendment
Cruel and unusual punishment
3 Clauses
- Excessive bail
- Excessive Fines
- cruel and unusual punishments
35
9th amendment
Non enumerated rights
- still our rights even if not enumerated
36
10th amendment
Rights to states and people
37
Veto
ability to deny an idea
38
impeachment
initiates charges against a person in office
- kicks them out of office if fully pursued
39
judicial review
supreme court can take an active role in making sure all branches of government abide by the constitution
40
William patterson
- federalist
- senate
- Co-writer for the NJ Plan - wanted unicameral
- signed the constitution
41
Roger Sherman
proposed the great compromise to senate
- senate of connecticut
- federalist
42
Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo
ended the war between US and Mexico
- Mexico ceded 55% of its territory
all claims to Texas have been given up by mexico
43
Checks and Balances
Law to balance out Government
- no one branch gets too powerful
- branches can veto other branches
- branches all have to agree on new laws
44
Federalism
belief in the constitution and that the US needs to be united under one set of laws
45
Land Aquisition
1. louisiana purchase
2. Florida purchase
3. texas annex
4. oregon claims
5. Mexican cession
6. Gadsden purchase
46
Lewis and Clark
explored the louisiana purchase land for the government
- bombarded native American groups
--> Natives thought that's what all
Americans were like
47
Industrial revolution
America started using machines to do laborious work instead of by hand
1760-1840
48
Living Document
a document that can be amended to
Ex: the constitution
