Unit 2: Core Studies

Question 0

What type of personality did Adorno suggest in Milgram’s study?

Answer 0

Authoritarian personality - servile to superior status

Question 1

What was the hypothesis for Milgram’s study?

Answer 1

“Germans are different”

Question 2

Context for Milgram’s study?

Answer 2

• Germans from WW2 put on trial at Nuremberg claimed they were “only obeying orders”
• Adorno: authoritarian personality

Question 3

What were the aims of Milgram’s study?

Answer 3

• to test the hypothesis “Germans are different”
• to see if a situational hypothesis was more accurate
• measure process of obedience

Question 4

How many participants were in Milgram’s study?

Answer 4

40 male volunteers

Question 5

How were participants deceived in Milgram’s study?

Answer 5

Told it was a test about memory and learning

Question 6

How many shocks were on the electric shock generator in Milgram’s study and what did they range from?

Answer 6

30. 15V - 450V

Question 7

What were participants told if they wanted to stop in milgrams study?

Answer 7

“You must continue”

Question 8

What predictions were made Yale uni students before Milgram’s study?

Answer 8

Only 0-3% would go to 450V

Question 9

Findings during milgrams study?

Answer 9

• 65% to 450V

- all to 300V

Question 10

What percentage were glad to have taken part after Milgram’s study? And what percentage regret it?

Answer 10

• 84% pleased

- 2% regret

Question 11

Conclusions of Milgram’s study?

Answer 11

• obedience to authority is due to situational factors

- authority exerts high power

Question 12

Sampling for Milgram’s study?

Answer 12

All male, all volunteers

Question 13

Evaluation of method (lab) for Milgram’s study?

Answer 13

• low ecological validity; controlled

Question 14

Evaluation of validity for Milgram’s study?

Answer 14

• Orne and Holland; not real shocks.

- Sheridan and king; real shocks. 75%

Question 15

Ethical issues with Milgram’s study?

Answer 15

• deception is necessary
• psychological damage but 84% glad to taken party
• right to withdraw but told to continue

Question 16

Alternative evidence for Milgram’s study?

Answer 16

• Sheridan and king; puppy
• bickman: uniform
• hoffing et al, rank and jacobson: nurses
• Milgram’s variations

Question 17

Which previous studies of conformity inspired Asch?

Answer 17

• Jenness (1932) beans in a jar

- sheriff (1936) auto kinetic effect

Question 18

What did Asch think about others actions and their influence on our own?

Answer 18

They guided us when we were unsure of the answer

Question 19

American society at the time of aschs study?

Answer 19

1955- non conformity frowned upon. Teenager/youth/rebellion yet to come

Question 20

What’s normative social influence?

Answer 20

Thinking group will disapprove

Question 21

What’s informational social influence?

Answer 21

Thinking others must be right

Question 22

What did Asch want to find out?

Answer 22

Whether conformity existed even in an unambiguous task

Question 23

How many participants were in Aschs study?

Answer 23

123 make college students from 4 unis. Voluntary.

Question 24

What Were participants in aschs study made to believe?

Answer 24

That it was a visual judgement Task

Question 25

Outline the procedure of aschs study?

Answer 25

Held up two cards - one with three lines varying lengths and one with a standard line. Had to say aloud which matched the standard line

Question 26

How many trials were critical in aschs study?

Answer 26

12/18

Question 27

Variations in aschs study?

Answer 27

Dissenting partner, size of group, confed who leaves etc