unit 2 current trends and emerging technologies Flashcards
1
Q
a term generally used to describe a new technology, but it may also refer to the continuing development of an existing technology
A
emerging technology
2
Q
generated new opportunities while creating new legal challenges, particularly related to copyrights, trademarks, patents, royalties, and licensing
A
emerging digital technologies
3
Q
Emerging technologies include a variety of technologies such as:
A
educational technology
information technology
nanotechnology
biotechnology
cognitive science
psych technology
robotics
and artificial intelligence.
4
Q
are those that are currently being developed or will be developed in the next 5 to 10 years, and which will alter the business and social environment.”
A
new technologies
5
Q
a computer science that is focused on creating computer systems that simulate human intelligence.
A
artificial intelligence
6
Q
artificial intelligence term was first used in ? by a computer scientist at the ?
A
1956, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
7
Q
AI is being developed in the following areas:
A
Game Playing
Expert Systems
Languages
Robotics
8
Q
Computers developed to play games against human players.
A
game playing
9
Q
These are computers that have been programmed to make decisions based on information they are given.
A
expert systems
10
Q
This type of AI involves computers that can understand different human languages as they are spoken to them.
A
languages
11
Q
artificial intelligence is where machines are programmed to imitate a human.
A
robotics
12
Q
where parts of a person’s body are used for identification purposes.
A
biometrics
13
Q
These are impressions embedded at the end of human fingers and thumbs.
A
fingerprints
14
Q
kept in a database can be matched to those left at crime-scenes to help identify the culprit.
A
fingerprints
15
Q
analyze the iris which is the colored ring that surrounds the pupil.
A
eye recognition/eye scans
16
Q
This is where the shapes of individual’s faces are analyzed.
A
face recognition
17
Q
Pitch, tone and frequency of voices are unique and can be analyzed to identify people.
A
voice recognition
18
Q
are used to perform a wide range of physical tasks. They are either automated (controlled by a computer chip) or manually controlled by a human.
A
robotics
19
Q
4 different types of robots
A
manufacturing robots
carrier robots
domestic robots
exploration robots
20
Q
used to perform repetitive tasks such as welding
A
manufacturing robots
21
Q
used by the military to carry heavy loads over dangerous terrain
A
carrier robots
22
Q
used in homes to perform cleaning tasks such as vacuuming
A
domestic robots
23
Q
used to visit and send images from places such as Mars
A
exploration robots
24
Q
some more typical tasks
A
dangerous jobs
exploring extreme environments
repetitive manufacturing jobs
moving heavy objects
25
emerging technology that allows messages and data to be sent with complete privacy.
quantum cryptography
26
is where a human translator uses computer software to help in the translation process.
computer assisted translation
27
Current CAT tools are NOT always 100% accurate. TRUE OR FALSE
TRUE
28
These are usually built-into word processing software and can automatically flag-up spelling errors and suggest translations of miss-spelt words.
spell checkers
29
are databases which store translated text as the human translator works through it to be reused in the future.
translation memory software
30
Internet based systems which allow translators to enter any text that they want translating and to select which language they want the text translating into.
language search-engine software
31
technique where images are made to appear three-dimensional and to have depth.
3D and holographic imaging (holograms)
32
work by taking two regular two-dimensional images of the same object and laying one on top of the other.
holograms
33
is where computers are used to create an artificial environment that users can interact with as if it were real.
virtual reality
34
serious purposes of virtual reality:
architects to walk around a virtual version of their design
training soldiers in combat
training surgeons
35
equipment needed to create the virtual reality experience
eye goggles
special gloves
headphones
powerful computer
36
These produce the 3D images that make up the artificial world. project slightly different views into each eye, and this fools your brain into thinking that the scene is 3D
eye goggles
37
detect your hand and finger movements which are input into a computer and processed. As users touch or use items in the virtual world, the computer can carry out these commands and make them happen.
special gloves
38
These control what users hear in the virtual world.
headphones
39
needed to create the virtual environment and to process/output data sent into the system by the user's actions.
powerful computer
40
the current trends in the society
the technology of the year will be 5g
bots will revolutionize customer service
e-commerce grows at a torrid pace
insurance enters the digital age
marketplaces everywhere
bendable devices
personalized and predictive medicine
41
is the ability of a computer program or a machine to think and learn. It is also a field of study which tries to make computers "smart".
artificial intelligence
42
who came up with the name artificial intelligence in 1955
John McCarthy
43
they define Ai as a system's ability to correctly interpret external data to learn from such data and to use those learnings to achieve specific goals and tasks through flexible adaptation
Andres Kaplan and Michael Haenlein
44
The first patent for the invention of the telephone happened in
1876
45
the field of AI research was founded at a workshop held on the campus of ? College during the summer of ?
Dartmouth College, 1956
46
known founding fathers of AI
John McCarthy, Alan Turing, Allen Newell, Herbert A. Simon, and Marvin Minsky
47
year when they computers flourished and they became faster, affordable, and able to store more information. they could also think abstractly, able to self-recognize and achieved Natural Language Processing
1974
48
year when the Ai research fired back up with an expansion of funds and algorithmic tools
1980
49
year when landed to the landmark after all the failed attempts, the technology was successfully established but until it was in the 2000s that the landmark goals were achieved. ai thrived despite a lack of gov't funds and public attention
2000s
50
demonstrates the capability of an AI system to perform any intellectual task that a human can perform.
artificial general intelligence
51
demonstrates a humanized AI system equipped with cognitive intelligence, emotional intelligence, and social intelligence.
artificial general intelligence
52
types of artificial intelligence
reactive machines
limited memory
theory of mind
self-awareness
53
have the ability neither to form memories nor to use past experiences to inform current decisions.
reactive machines
54
example of reactive machine
deep blue, IBM's chess-playing supercomputer
55
can identify the pieces on a chess board and know how each move. It can make predictions about what moves might be next for it and its opponent
Deep Blue
56
This Type II class contains machines can investigate the past. Self-driving cars do some of this already. For example, they observe other cars’ speed and direction. That can’t be done in a just one moment, but rather requires identifying specific objects and monitoring them over time. These observations are added to the self-driving cars’ preprogrammed representations of the world, which also include lane markings, traffic lights and other important elements, like curves in the road. They’re included when the car decides when to change lanes, to avoid cutting off another driver or being hit by a nearby car.
limited memory
57
example of limited memory
self-driving cars
58
Machines in the next, more advanced, class not only form representations about the world, but also about other agents or entities in the world.This is crucial to how we humans formed societies because they allowed us to have social interactions.
theory of mind
59
This is, in a sense, an extension of the “theory of mind” possessed by Type III artificial intelligences. Conscious beings are aware of themselves, know about their internal states, and can predict feelings of others. We assume someone honking behind us in traffic is angry or impatient, because that’s how we feel when we honk at others.
self-awareness
60
applications of ai
ai in healthcare
business
autonomous vehicles
education
robotics
61
one of the best known ai tecch in healthcare
IBM's Watson
62
It understands natural language and can respond to questions asked of it. The system mines patient data and other available data sources to form a hypothesis, which it then presents with a confidence scoring schema.
IBM's Watson
63
Machine learning algorithms are being integrated into analytics and CRM (Customer relationship management) platforms to uncover information on how to better serve customers
AI in business
64
ai in business
chatbots
65
It automates grading, giving educators more time. It can also assess students and adapt to their needs, helping them work at their own pace.
AI in education
66
Autonomous vehicles are with advanced tool to gather information, including long range radar, cameras, and LIDAR. Each of the technologies are used in different capacities and each collects different information. This information is useless, unless it is processed, and some form of information is taken based on the gathered information.
AI in autonomous vehicles
67
It will drastically reduce, may be even bring down traffic accidents and deaths, as well as enable disaster response for dangerous situations for example the nuclear meltdown at the fukushima power plant.
AI for robotics
68
advantage of AI
reduction in human error
takes risks instead of humans
available 24/7
helping in repetitive jobs
digital assistance
faster decisions
daily applications
new inventions
69
disadvantages of AI
high costs of creation
making humans lazy
unemployment
no emotions
lacking out of box thinking
70
major goals and fields of artificial intelligence
knowledge representation and reasoning
automated planning and scheduling
machine learning
natural language processing
computer vision
the rise of robotics
71
is a specific field within artificial intelligence focusing on designing and implementing computer representations that can process information about the world to solve complex problems.
It involves the codification of factors or relationships between ideas, or rules or transitions between sets of facts in a manner that can be interpreted by a computer system.
knowledge representation and reasonign
72
is another subset and field of artificial intelligence concerned with the automated generation of action sequences that correspond to strategies that can be executed by an AI system such as unmanned vehicles or autonomous robots.
automated planning and scheduling
73
both a specific field of artificial intelligence and an actual application of AI. As a field of discipline, it involves the study of algorithms and statistical models that computer systems use to perform a specific task without using explicit instructions effectively.
machine learning
74
deals with the analysis and generation of languages that humans use naturally to interface with computers.
natural language processing
75
involves acquiring and understanding visual data from still or moving digital images or live images from the real world to process them in a manner that AI systems can utilize to make decisions.
computer vision
76
AI use
accurate prediction of weather
increased leisure time
safer transport
increased personal safety
improved medical care
77
biometrics use/advantages
better airport security
increased building security
reduced car theft
more secure mobile phones
78
robotics' advantages
increased personal time
more efficient manufacturing
loss of jobs
safer working environments
79
quantum cryptography advantages
completely secure voting
completely secure communication
completely secure bank transfers
80
computer assisted translation advantages
more accurate documents
a more multilingual society
quicker and more efficient translations
81
3d and holographic advantages
improved security
better movie experiencess
greater data storage
82
virtual reality advantages
improved medical surgeons
larger and stronger buildings
more effective treatment of phibias
training in dangerous situations
83
means that different kinds of communication technologies are coming closer to each other. means one terminal device, for example a mobile telephone or a digital television can be used for various services.
converging communication technologies
84
are technologies whose development, practical applications, or both are still largely unrealized, such that they are figuratively emerging into prominence from a background of nonexistence or obscurity
emerging technologies
85
8 emerging technology trends
citizen development
drones and drone ops centers
virtual workers
self-powered data centers
cloud-independent edge computing
IoT integration
More self-service IT for business users
Convergence of Ai, machine learning, and deep learning
86
where business users’ development their own applications so that they don't have to wait for IT, to grow in 2019
citizen development
87
use ?will include those with logistic challenges such as areas of terrain that are risky or difficult to traverse or agencies and/or insurance companies that need to oversee disaster and accident sites.
drones and drone ops centers
88
a type of freelance worker who works on a remote basis for your company.
virtual workers
89
we can expect to see the results of early data center pilots that take the data center entirely off the energy grid, with data centers running its own self-contained power plants.
self-powered data centers
90
Age-old distribute computing will make a comeback as companies realize that the computing, they are moving to at the edge is run more efficiently locally and on real hardware—and not on the cloud.
cloud-independent age computing
91
A simple blood test can predict if a pregnant woman is at risk of giving birth prematurely.
predicting preemies
92
Advanced fusion and fission reactors are edging closer to reality. New nuclear designs that have gained momentum in the past year are promising to make this power source safer and cheaper.
new-wave nuclear power
93
The treatment incites the body’s natural defenses to destroy only cancer cells by identifying mutations unique to each tumor. Scientists are on the c usp of commercializing the first personalized cancer vaccine.
customer cancer vaccines
94
Society, in turn, has influenced the development of computers through the needs people have for processing information. The study of these relationships has come to be known as
social informatics
95
earliest kinds of computational devices
mechanical calculators
96
who developed mechanical calculators
Blaise Pascal in 1645
97
who solved the navigational and scientific problems that began to arise as Europpe entered a new and heightened period of scientific development and international commerce.
Gottfried Leibniz in 1694
98
In 1801, invented the first type of programmed machine called Jacquard's Loom, in order to automate the weaving of cloth with patterns
Joseph-Marie Jacquard
99
major computer application fields
an aid to management
banking
industrial application
engineering design
meteorology
air travel
road traffic control
telephones
medicine
100
positive impact of computer
The work can be done in very less time.
More information can be stored in small space.
Multitasking and multiprocessing capabilities of data.
Easy to access data.
Impartiality.
Documents can be kept secret.
Error free result
101
negative impact of computer
Highly expensive.
Accidents.
Data piracy.
Increased Unemployment.
Huge data and information can be lost sometimes.
Fast changing computer technology.
Service distribution.
Illiteracy of computing and computers.
102
10 high-tech breakthroughs stand out over the last 50 years
organ transplants
robots and ai
electronics funds transfer
nuclear power
mobile phones
space flight
personal computers
digital media
genetic engineering
the internet
103
In 1954, ? removed the kidney from one human patient and implanted it in another.
Dr. Joseph Murray
104
who coined the term robot in 1920
Czechoslovakian playwright Karel Capek
105
robota - a czech word means
tedious labor
106
first industrial robot was built in 1954 by ?
George Devol
107
what bank set up a paperless transfer system with the los angeles branch in 1972
Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco
108
the first call was made from the sidewalk outside the Manhattan Hilton in 1973 by ?
Martin Cooper, motorola researcher
109
release of Photoshop 1.0 in ?
1990
110
Apple's people-friendly
Macintosh
111
unraveled the secret of DNA in 1953
Watson and Crick
112
constructed the first organism with combined DNA from different species in 1973?
Boyer and Cohen
113
they inserted toad genes into a bacterium then replicated itself over and over
boyer and cohen
114
is a technology writer for Wired magazine and Slate. He has worked as a software engineer and manager at MIT and in Silicon Valley.
Paul Boutin
115
The world’s largest and most unruly library, it’s also a global news channel, social club, research archive, shopping service, town hall, and multimedia kiosk
the internet
116
an innovation that helps create a new market and value network, and eventually goes on to disrupt an existing market and value network.
disruptive technology or innovation
117
two-types of disruptive innovations
new-market disruptions
low-end disruptions
118
are so much more affordable to own and simpler to use that they enable a whole new population of people to begin owning and using the product, and to do so in a more convenient setting.
new-market disruptive products
119
We call disruptions that take root at the low end of the original or mainstream value network
low-end disruptions
