Unit 2 Disorders and Etiology

Question 1

Major Depression Symptoms (8)

Answer 1

1. Sad Affect
2. Anhedonia
3. Weight/Appetite Change
4. Psychomotor Changes
5. Loss of energy
6. Feeling Worrthless/Guilt
7. Difficulty Concentrating
8. Suicidal Ideation

Question 2

Persistent Depressive Disorder Symptoms (3)

Answer 2

1. Depressed Mood for most of the day most days for at least 2 years
2. 2 additional symptoms
3. Never without depression for 2 months

Question 3

Bipolar Disorder Mania Symptoms (3)

Answer 3

1. Elevated, Euphoric or Irritable Mood
2. Extraordinary increase in activity level
3. Three of
   the following are noticeable changes from the baseline
   - Talkativeness/ Rapid Speech
   - Racing Thoughts
   - Increased Self-Esteem
   - Distractibility
   - Impulsive, risky behavior

Question 4

5-HTT gene in depression

Answer 4

Produces serotonin

Question 5

Unipolar Heritability

Answer 5

37%

Question 6

Bipolar Heritability

Answer 6

80-90%

Question 7

Low Norepinephrine causes

Answer 7

Unipolar Depression

Question 8

High Norepinephrine causes

Answer 8

Bipolar

Question 9

Low serotonin causes

Answer 9

Unipolar and Bipolar

Question 10

2 Important areas for functional imaging studies

Answer 10

Amygdala and Hippocampus

Question 11

How is blood flow in amygdala relevant for people with depression

Answer 11

Blood flow is 50% greater

Question 12

Beck’s Theory

Answer 12

Depression was a result of the tendency to interpret everyday events in a negative way

Question 13

Negative Cognitive Triad

Answer 13

Think negatively about themselves, their world and their future

Question 14

Learned Helplessness

Answer 14

Result of feeling helpless, lack of control

Question 15

Depressed people make what attributions

Answer 15

Internal, Stable and Global

Question 16

4 Interpersonal Problems

Answer 16

1. Loss
2. Role Dispute
3. Role Transition
4. Deficits

Question 17

What was the earliest antidepressants

Answer 17

MAO inhibitors

Question 18

What is currently the most prescribed type of antidepressant

Answer 18

SSRIs (Prozac, Zoloft, Paxil)

Question 19

ECT Therapy

Answer 19

electric current creates seizures and possible memory loss

Question 20

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Answer 20

Coil placed on the scalp

Question 21

Bipolar treatment

Answer 21

Lithium, Depakote

Question 22

Specific Phobia Criteria (4)

Answer 22

1. Intense Fear of object, situation
2. Avoidance
3. Symptoms persist for 6 months
4. Fear needs to cause impairment or distress

Question 23

Systematic Desensitization 3 Steps

Answer 23

1. Learn Relaxation
2. Create anxiety hierarchy
3. Expose feared stimulus

Question 24

Phobia Etiology (4)

Answer 24

1. Direct experience (true alarm)
2. Experience False alarm
3. Observing, Modeling Vicarious Learning
4. Transmission

Question 25

Biological Factors For Social Anxiety

Answer 25

1. Preparedness 2. Infant Temperament 3. Cognitive (high standards)

Question 26

Three treatment options for social anxiety (4)

Answer 26

1. Exposure 2. Social Skills training 3. Cognitive restructuring (Identify, Restructure, Replace) 4. Medication

Question 27

Cognitive Restructuring

Answer 27

Identify, Restructure, Replace

Question 28

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Answer 28

1. Worry for at least 6 months for a number of events 2. Wish to stop 3. Three or more of the following - Restless -On edge -Difficulty Concentrating - Irritability -Muscle Tension - Sleep Disturbance 4. Distress/Impairment

Question 29

Panic Disorder Symptoms

Answer 29

1. Sweating 2. Dizzy 3. Fear of dying 4. Chills 5. Hot flashes 6. Nausea 7. Feel like you are choking

Question 30

Biological Cause of Panic Disorder

Answer 30

Mitral Valve Prolapse

Question 31

Locus Coeruleus

Answer 31

Changes norepinephrine activity

Question 32

panic control therapy

Answer 32

Create mini panic attack

Question 33

OCD Characteristics

Answer 33

1. Obsessions 2. Compulsions 3. Recurrent Obsessions or compulsions 4. Relationship between compulsion anxiety

Question 34

Compulsions are learned behaviors that are reinforced by ___________.

Answer 34

Consequences

Question 35

Neutral Stimuli becomes associated with what

Answer 35

Frightening thoughts

Question 36

Richman's Theory

Answer 36

Fixating, trying not to think about causes you to think about it more

Question 37

4 factors of OCD

Answer 37

1. Depressed Mood 2. Strict Code of Acceptability 3. Dysfunctional Beliefs about responsibility 4. Dysfunctional Beliefs about control of thoughts

Question 38

High activity of in Brain Findings in those with OCD

Answer 38

1. Orbital Region 2. Caudate Nuclei 3. Thalamus

Question 39

OCD treatment

Answer 39

SSRI, ERP (exposure with response prevention)

Question 40

Body Dysmorphic Symptoms

Answer 40

1. Essential feature is preoccupied with imagined defects in appearance in a normal-appearing person 2. The person has performed repetitive behaviors or mental acts in response to concerns

Question 41

BDD and OCD heritability

Answer 41

40%

Question 42

Acute Stress Disorder is when

Answer 42

The duration is a month

Question 43

PTSD Symptoms (4)

Answer 43

1. Intrusive 2. Avoidance 3. Mood Change 4. Increase in Arousal

Question 44

What can act as a buffer to prevent PTSD

Answer 44

Social Support and Hardiness

Question 45

PTSD treatment

Answer 45

Exposure therapy, Cognitive , Medication and Group Therapy