Unit 2 Exam

Question 1

The number of protons in an atom

Answer 1

atomic number

Question 2

An interaction between two or more of the same or different elements that results in the formation of molecules

Answer 2

chemical bond

Question 3

A negatively charged particle that resides outside of the nucleus in the electron orbital; lacks functional mass and has a charge of -1

Answer 3

electron

Question 4

One of the 118 unique substances that cannot be broken down into smaller substances and retain the characteristic of that substance; each element has a specified number of protons and unique properties

Answer 4

element

Question 5

One or more forms of an element that have different numbers of neutrons

Answer 5

isotope

Question 6

The number of protons plus neutrons in an atom

Answer 6

mass number

Question 7

Anything that has mass and occupies space

Answer 7

matter

Question 8

A particle with no charge that resides in the nucleus of an atom; has a mass of 1

Answer 8

neutron

Question 9

(chemistry) the dense center of an atom made up of protons and (except in the case of a hydrogen atom) neutrons

Answer 9

nucleus

Question 10

An organizational chart of elements, indicating the atomic number and mass number of each element; also provides key information about the properties of elements

Answer 10

periodic table of elements

Question 11

A positively charged particle that resides in the nucleus of an atom; has a mass of 1 and a charge of +1

Answer 11

proton

Question 12

An isotope that spontaneously emits particles or energy to form a more stable element

Answer 12

radioactive isotope

Question 13

A monomer of a protein

Answer 13

amino acid

Question 14

A biological macromolecule in which the ratio of carbon to hydrogen to oxygen is 1:2:1

Answer 14

carbohydrate

Question 15

A polysaccharide that makes up the cell walls of plants and provides structural support to the cell

Answer 15

cellulose

Question 16

A type of carbohydrate that forms the outer skeleton of arthropods, such as insects and crustaceans, and the cell walls of fungi

Answer 16

chitin

Question 17

The loss of shape in a protein as a result of changes in temperature, pH, or exposure to chemicals

Answer 17

denaturation

Question 18

A double-stranded polymer of nucleotides that carries the hereditary information of the cell

Answer 18

DNA

Question 19

Two sugar monomers that are linked together by a peptide bond

Answer 19

disaccharide

Question 20

A catalyst in a biochemical reaction that is usually a complex or conjugated protein

Answer 20

enzyme

Question 21

A lipid molecule composed of three fatty acids and a glycerol (triglyceride) that typically exists in a solid form at room temperature

Answer 21

fat

Question 22

A storage carbohydrate in animals

Answer 22

glycogen

Question 23

A chemical signaling molecule, usually a protein or steroid, secreted by an endocrine gland or group of endocrine cells; acts to control or regulate specific physiological process

Answer 23

hormone

Question 24

A class of macromolecules that are non polar and insoluble in water

Answer 24

lipids

Question 25

A large molecule, often formed by polymerization of smaller monomers

Answer 25

macromolecule

Question 26

A single unit or monomer of carbohydrates

Answer 26

monosaccharide

Question 27

A biological macromolecule that carries the genetic information of a cell and carries instructions for the functioning of the cell

Answer 27

nucleic acid

Question 28

A monomer of nucleic acids; contains a pentose sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base

Answer 28

nucleotide

Question 29

An unsaturated fat that is a liquid at room temperature

Answer 29

oil

Question 30

A major constituent of the membranes of cells; composed of two fatty acids and a phosphate group attached to the glycerol backbone

Answer 30

phospholipid

Question 31

A long chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds

Answer 31

polypeptide

Question 32

A long chain of monosaccharides; may be branched or unbranched

Answer 32

polysaccharide

Question 33

A biological macromolecule composed of one or more chains of amino acids

Answer 33

protein

Question 34

A single-stranded polymer of nucleotides that is involved in protein synthesis

Answer 34

RNA

Question 35

A long-chain hydrocarbon with single covalent bonds in the carbon chain; the number of hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon skeleton is maximized

Answer 35

saturated fatty acid

Question 36

A storage carbohydrate in plants

Answer 36

starch

Question 37

A type of lipid composed of four fused hydrocarbon rings

Answer 37

steroid

Question 38

A form of unsaturated fat with the hydrogen atoms neighboring the double bond across from each other rather than on the same side of the double bond

Answer 38

trans-fat

Question 39

A fat molecule; consists of three fatty acids linked to a glycerol molecule

Answer 39

triglyceride

Question 40

A long-chain hydrocarbon that has one or more than one double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain

Answer 40

unsaturated fatty acid

Question 41

What is found in a cell that tells you whether a cell is prokaryotic or eukaryotic

Answer 41

mitochondria

Question 42

What keeps a plant cell from bursting in pure water

Answer 42

plant cell wall

Question 43

Larger and more complex

Answer 43

eukaryotic

Question 44

Smaller and simpler

Answer 44

prokaryotic

Question 45

Contains a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles

Answer 45

eukaryotic

Question 46

Maintaining the fluid surrounding blood cells at a similar solute concentration

Answer 46

osmoregulation

Question 47

What polymer does guanine make up part of the monomer

Answer 47

nucleic acid

Question 48

What do all monomer/polymer combinations have in common

Answer 48

held together by covalent bonds

Question 49

The information to make this molecule is stored directly in DNA. This molecule does the work of a cell

Answer 49

protein

Question 50

The molecule is used for energy and for structural support in plants

Answer 50

carbohydrate

Question 51

This molecule is the only one that is NOT hydrophillic

Answer 51

lipid

Question 52

The genetic material found in all living things, made up of the building blocks called...

Answer 52

nucleotides

Question 53

Reduces the activation energy of the reaction

Answer 53

enzymes

Question 54

Organelle in a eukaryotic cell that connects directly to the outside of the nuclear envelope

Answer 54

endoplasmic reticulum

Question 55

A form of facilitated diffusion

Answer 55

osmosis

Question 56

Plants surround themselves in what solutions in order to maintain turgor

Answer 56

hypotonic