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Intro to Clinical Psychology > Unit 2 Exam > Flashcards

Unit 2 Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What is Jerome Wakefield’s view of abnormality

A

abnormality is a harmful dysfunction

dysfunction is a scientific term referring to the failure of a mental mechanism to perform a natural function for which it was designed ny evolution

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2
Q

How is the DSM revised

A

by a task force

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3
Q

What is a task force/work group

A

those who are a part of the american psychiatric association and meet to discuss the diagnostic criteria for the DSM

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4
Q

What is the alternative diagnostic system that is used internationally

A

International Classification of DIseases

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5
Q

What is the structure of the DSM

A

it is a multiaxial assessment system

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6
Q

What is the premenstrual dysphoric disorder

A

a severe version of PMS

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7
Q

What is disruptive mood dysregulation

A

frequent tantrums in children 6-18

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8
Q

What is binge eating disorder

A

overindulging in food, not followed by compensatory behaviors

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9
Q

What is hoarding disorder

A

difficulty discarding possessions

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10
Q

What major revisions were made to existing disorders in the DSM-5

A

“bereavement exclusion” was dropped

autistic disorder were combined into autism spectrum disorder

substance abuse and substance dependence were combined into substance use disorder

mental retardation was renamed as intellectual disability

learning disabilities were combined into specific learning disorder

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11
Q

What changes were considered for DSM-5 but ultimately were not made

A

diagnostic overexpansion

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12
Q

How did the DSM change over time as different editions were published

A

relied more on empirical data

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13
Q

What major changes were made from the DSM-1&DSM-2 to DSM III

A

relied on empirical data

specific diagnostic criteria used to define disorders

much longer and more extensive

used a multiaxial assessment system

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14
Q

When did the DSM become atheoretical rather than based on a particular theoretical orientation

A

DSM-III

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15
Q

What are the major criticisms of the DSM-5

A

controversial cutoffs- arbitrary requirements

cultural issues- original creators were overwhelmingly caucasian

gender bias- some disorders are diagnosed more frequently in men and some more in women

non-empiricial influences- politics and public opinion

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16
Q

What three characteristics should all assessment techniques possess

A

validity
reliability
utility

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17
Q

What information would we gather as a part of a client’s case history

A

birth and development
family of origin
education history
employment history
recreation/leisure
sexual history
relationship history
alcohol and drug history
physical health

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17
Q

What general skills should an interviewer have

A

quieting yourself
being self-aware
ability to develop a positive working relationship

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18
Q

What are specific behaviors that an interviewer should keep in mind

A

eye contact
body language
vocal qualities
verbal tracking
referring to a client by proper name

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19
Q

What is rapport

A

a positive, comfortable relationship between interviewer and client

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20
Q

What is the the directive technique in clinical interview

A

questions targeted toward specific information

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21
Q

What is the non directive technique in clinical interview

A

allows the client to guide the course of the interview

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22
Q

What are open ended questions

A

allows for individualized and spontaneous responses

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23
Q

What are closed ended questions

A

allows for less elaboration

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24
What is clarification
helps to make sure the interviewer has an accurate understanding of the clients comments
25
What is confrontation
used when an interviewer notices discrepancies or inconsistencies of the client's comments
26
What is paraphrasing
used to assure clients that they are being heard
27
What is reflection of feeling
echoes the client's emotions
28
What is summarizing
typically involves tying together various topics
29
What is the multiple pragmatic issues of interviewing
note taking interview room audio or video taking
30
When can you audio or video record an interview with a client
requires written permission
31
What is the purpose of a diagnostic interview
to diagnose the client
32
What is the different between and structured and an unstructured interview
structured is a predetermined, planned sequence of questions that an interviewer asks a client unstructured is when there is no predetermined or planned questions
33
What is a mental status exam
assesses how the client is functioning at the time of the evaluation
34
What is the purpose of crisis interview
assess a problem demanding urgent attention
35
What are intelligence tests
a measurement of a client's intellectual abilities
36
What are achievement tests
measure what a client has accomplished with those intellectual abilities
37
What is the hierarchical model of intelligence
specific abilities exist and are important, but they are all at least somewhat related to one another and to a global overall intelligence
38
Is there a particular intelligence assessment that emphasized cultural fairness
the universal nonverbal intelligence test-2
39
What is the mean IQ score for both the Wechsler intelligence scales and the Stanford-Binet intelligence scales? What is the standard deviation.
100, 15
40
What are the Wechsler subtests?
vocabulary, similarities, information, comprehension, block design, picture completion, matrix reasoning, coding, symbol search
41
Vocabulary subtest
orally explain the meaning of a word
42
Similarities subtest
orally explain how two things or concepts are alike
43
Information subtest
orally answer questions focusing on specific items of general knowledge
44
Comprehension subtest
orally answer questions about general social principles and social situations
45
Block-Design subtest
re-create a specific pattern of design of colored blocks
46
Picture completion subtest
view picture of simple object or scene and identify the important part that is missing
47
Matrix reasoning subtest
view an incomplete matrix and select the missing portion from the pictures provided
48
Coding subtest
using pencil and paper, repeatedly copy simple shapes or symbols in appropriate spaces according to a key provided
49
Symbol search subtest
scan a group of visual shapes or symbols to determine if target shapes or symbols appear in group
50
What are the similarities and differences between the Wechsler intelligence scales and the Standford-Binet intelligence scales?
Administered face-to-face and one-on-one employs hierarchical of intelligence feature the same mean similarly strong reliability and validity data
51
What is the purpose of neuropsychological tests
measure cognitive functioning or impairment of the brain
52
What is are full neuropsychological assessment batteries vs brief screening
full neuropsychological assessment batteries are lengthy and comprehensive others are brief and typically used as screens for impairment
53
What is the purpose of the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological battery
to identify with brain damage
54
What are the strengths of the Halstead-Reitan battery
empirical research suggests that the HRB and its tests are reliable and valid comprehensive
55
What are the weaknesses of the Halstead-Reitan battery
length, inflexible, limited overlap, with real-life, day-to-day tasks
56
What is the bender-gestalt test
straightforward copying tasks very brief quick check
57
How do we define objective and projective personality assessments
objective: unambiguous test items, offers clients a limited range of responses, objectively scored projective: typically less structured and involve a greater degree of judgment in scoring and interpretation
58
What are the potential strengths and weakness of projective personality assessments
strengths: based on psychodynamic model weaknesses: lack of objectivity in scoring and interpretion
59
What is the MMPIs general format
items were divided into groups related to 10 specific pathologies- clinical scales
60
How was the MMPI developed
used empirical criterion keying to construct the test developers evaluated items using individuals who have been diagnosed with particular mental disorders and a group of individuals with no known diagnosis
61
What does it mean to "fake good" or "fake bad"
dishonest answers provide information about how the client approached the test
62
What changed with the MMPI-2
normative data was obtained from a much more diverse group, some test items were removed or revised that had outdated or awkward wording
63
What changed with the MMPI-A
ages 14-18 similar to the MMPI-2
64
What changes with the MMPI-2-RF
shorter version 338/550+, restructured clinical scales, removal of overlap, omission of masculinity/femininity scale and social introversion scale, addition on PSY-5 scales
65
What changes with the MMPI-3
335 items
66
What are criticisms of the MMPI
too lengthy and time consuming requires reading ability and prolonged attention focuses on forms of psychopathology as the factors that make up personality
67
What is the NEO personality Inventory
five-factor model of personality neuroticism extraversion openness agreeableness conscientiousness
68
What is the Million Clinical Multiaxial Inventory
similar to MMPI, but stronger emphasis on personality disorder 195 true/false questions best use for identifying personality disorders
69
What is the rorschach inkblot methods
70
What is the thematic apperception test (TAT)
involves presenting the client with a series of cards each with an ambiguous picture
71

Intro to Clinical Psychology (1 decks)

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