Unit 2 field techniques Flashcards
(30 cards)
how should sampling be carried out
in a manner that minimises impact on wild species and habitats
what is a point count
involves the observer recording all individuals seen from a fixed point count location.This can be compared to other point count locations or with date from the same location gathered at other times.
what can be used for sessile or slow-moving organisms
quadrats or transects
describe quadrats
a frame of a known area sometimes split into smaller sections used to sample plants slow moving anumals in a large area
what is a transect
a straight line across the large expanse of ground along which measurements are taken usually at regular intervals.
how can elusive species can be sampled
directly using camera traps or in an indirect method, such as scat sampling
describe scat sampling
finding and identifying of animal waste to identify the species living in an area. can also be used to identify animal diet
how can identification of an organism be made from
classification guides, biological keys or analysis of DNA or proteins.
how can organisms be classified
taxonomy and phylogenetics
what is taxonomy
involves the identification and naming of organisms and their classification into groups based on shared characteristics. classic taxonomy classification is based on morphology.
what is Phylogenetics
The study of evolutionary history and relationships among individuals or groups of organism. It is changing the traditional classification of many organisms.
what does phylogenetics use to make inferences about about an organisms evolutionary history
heritable traits such as morphology, DNA sequences and protein structure.
Describe taxonomy
KING- kingdom
PHILIP-Phylum
CAME-Class
OVER-Order
FOR-Family
GREAT- Genus
SANDWICHES-species
what can reveal relatedness obscured by divergent or convergent evolution
genetic evidence
example of taxonomic groups
nematodes
arthropods
chordates
what is a model organism
organisms that are studied to understand a specific phenomenon, expecting that the knowledge gained can be applied to other species as well.
example of model organism
E-COLI
mice- chordates
what can give info about environmental qualities
presence, absence, abundance. of indicator species
what can be used to monitor an ecosystem
susceptible and favoured species
What is the formula for estimating population size
N=MC/R
N-estimated population size
M-captured and marked (M) and released
C-After an interval of time, a second sample is captured
R-. If some of the individuals in this second sample
are recaptured.
Methods of marking animals
banding/ring
tag
surgical implantation
painting
hairclipping
how to measure and quantify animal behaviour
latency
frequency
duration
what is the definition of latency
time in between the stimulus occupying and the response behaving
what is frequency
the number of times a behaviour occurs within the observation
