Unit 2 - Forming a Nation

Question 1

indentured servant

Answer 1

an individual who signs a contract agreeing to work for another for a specific time in return for paying back travel to the American Colonies and living expenses

Question 2

loose pack

Answer 2

slaves given some room to turn around and not touch another person

Question 3

Middle Passage

Answer 3

route on the Triangle of Trade transporting slaves from Africa to the Americas

Question 4

tight pack

Answer 4

loading as many slaves as possible onto a slave ship

Question 5

Triangle of Trade

Answer 5

systematic trade routes between Africa, Europe, and the Americas

Question 6

benefits

Answer 6

value freely gained by entering into an economic relationship

Question 7

costs

Answer 7

value freely given up by entering into an economic relationship

Question 8

mercantilism

Answer 8

practice of creating and maintaining wealth for the mother countru by carefully controlling trade with its colonies

Question 9

Navigation Acts

Answer 9

laws requiring all colonial trade to be taxes and pass through England before entering the Colonies

Question 10

duties

Answer 10

taxes on imports or exports

Question 11

import

Answer 11

trade goods coming into a country

Question 12

export

Answer 12

trade goods leaving a country for another country

Question 13

free enterprise

Answer 13

economic competition with little government control

Question 14

militia

Answer 14

adult, male citizens enrolled in military service and called out for periodoc drills, but serving full time only in emergencies for their colony

Question 15

Committee of Correspondence

Answer 15

created in the 1760s in Massachusetts to help towns and colonies share information about resisting the new British laws

Question 16

Parliament

Answer 16

British law-making body

Question 17

repeal

Answer 17

to end an act or law

Question 18

Sons and Daughters of Liberty

Answer 18

secret organization of men and women protesting British tax laws, formed by Samuel Adams

Question 19

Stamp Act

Answer 19

(1765) tax on all printed materials: newspapers, legal documents, playing cards

Question 20

Sugar Act

Answer 20

(1764) act passed in orer to raise revenue for England, taxes sugar and molasses

Question 21

Tea Act

Answer 21

Parliament gave the British East India Company a monopoly on the tea business, this actually lowered the tax on tea but the colonists could only buy East Indian Tea

Question 22

Townshend Act

Answer 22

(1767) indirect tax on glass, lead, paper, paint, and tea

Question 23

writs of assistance

Answer 23

blanket search warrants to search for smuggled goods

Question 24

Boston Tea Party

Answer 24

(1773) event where colonists, disguised as Native Americans, dumped 342 tea chests into Boston Harbor

Question 25

Intolerable Acts

Answer 25

(1774) law passed by Parliament to punish the colonists for the Boston Tea Party and tightened government control of Boston and Massachusetts, contained (4) parts

Question 26

minutemen

Answer 26

colonial militia members who were ready to fight at a "minutes" notice

Question 27

natural rights

Answer 27

rights that all people possess that cannot be taken away or given, among these are life, liberty, and property

Question 28

Lexington and Concord

Answer 28

first of two conflicts of the American Revolution, outside of Boston on April 19, 1775, known as the "Shot Heard Round the World"

Question 29

Patrick Henry

Answer 29

Virginia politician, "Give me liberty, or give me death!"

Question 30

George Washington

Answer 30

commonand of the American military, founding father

Question 31

John Adams

Answer 31

Patriot, lawyer, spend much of Revolution War in Europe as a diplomat

Question 32

Marquis de Lafayette

Answer 32

French man who gave money, time, and effort to the Patriot cause, fought alongside Gen. Washington

Question 33

John Paul Jones

Answer 33

Patriot, navy captain, won many sea battles: "I have not yet begun to fight!"

Question 34

Nathan Hale

Answer 34

Patriot, famous quatation "I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country", captured and executed by the British for being a spy

Question 35

Mary Ludgwig Hayes (Molly Pitcher)

Answer 35

Patriot, took her husband's place in battle, brought water to soldiers

Question 36

Benedict Arnold

Answer 36

American general, felt like he was treated badly by Patriots, so switched to British side

Question 37

General Cornwallis

Answer 37

British general who surrendered at Yorktown, ending the war

Question 38

Pulaski

Answer 38

Polish military man who helped train Patriot cavalry forces

Question 39

Kosciuszko

Answer 39

Polish military man who trained Patriots in army engineering skills

Question 40

Von Stueben

Answer 40

Prussian military man who trained Patriots to be disciplined, effective soldiers

Question 41

Hessians

Answer 41

soldiers from Germany who were hired to help British fight the Americans

Question 42

2nd Continental Congress

Answer 42

meeting in Philadelphia to decide how to react to Lexington-Concord; created Continental Army; chose Washington as commander of Continental Army

Question 43

The Crisis

Answer 43

written by Thomas Paine during the war; encouraged soldiers to stay and fight

Question 44

Breed's Hill-Bunker Hill

Answer 44

near Boston, Americans inflicted heavy casualties on British before having to retreat, Americans ran out of ammunition

Question 45

Dorchester Heights

Answer 45

resulted in the British evacuation of Boston

Question 46

Fort Ticonderoga

Answer 46

New York fort that was captured by Patriots, artillery taken and used by Continental Army

Question 47

Trenton

Answer 47

Christmas night 1776, Americans surprise Hessians and defeat them

Question 48

Princeton

Answer 48

Washington defeated British; boosted Patriots' confindence and American morale which was strongly needed

Question 49

Saratoga

Answer 49

Patriots won; Burgoyne lost after coming down from Canada; American victory, convinced France to join on the side of the Patriots

Question 50

Valley Forge

Answer 50

winter campsite of Continental Army and Washington; miserable cold, diseases, and lack of food and supplies killed more than 2500 soldiers, low point in morale, but demonstrated troop toughness

Question 51

Cowpens

Answer 51

took place in the South, British lose and retreat north

Question 52

Yorktown

Answer 52

final battle of Revolutionary War; Continental Army and French Navy surround British on land an sea, forcing Cornwallis to surrender after a 3 week siege

Question 53

Treaty of Paris (1783)

Answer 53

ended Revolutionary War; Britain recognizes American independence, new borders, and American rights to trade

Question 54

Albany Plan of Union

Answer 54

a failed protection plan for the American colonies during the French and Indian War proposed by Ben Franklin

Question 55

Guerilla Warfare

Answer 55

fighting in which soldiers/fighters use shift hit and run tactics, ambushes, and fighting from cover against an enemy

Question 56

Casualties

Answer 56

soldiers killed, wounded or missing in battle

Question 57

Treaty of Paris (1763)

Answer 57

treaty ending the French and Indian War, France lost nearly all claims in N.America and the British took control of Canada + east of Mississippi River

Question 58

Pontiac's Rebellion

Answer 58

Native Americans continued to fight the British and colonists in the Ohio Valley and the Great Lakes after the French and Indian War officially ended

Question 59

salutary neglect

Answer 59

`British practice of not policing/controlling its colonial holdings, essentially leaving the colonies to govern themselves

Question 60

Proclamation of 1763

Answer 60

law issued by King George III of England stating that colonists could not move west of the Appalachian Mtns and any settlers living west of that line must move east of the line or be forced out

Question 61

1st Continental Congress

Answer 61

(1774) meeting of 56 delegates in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, delegates wrote 10 resolutions to send to the King of England

Question 62

boycott

Answer 62

refuse to buy certain goods

Question 63

smuggle

Answer 63

to import or export without paying taxes on the item

Question 64

Declaratory Act

Answer 64

(1766) act of Parliament repealing the Stamp Act, but asserted Parliament's authority to pass laws that were binding on the American Colonies "in all cases whatsoever"