Unit 2: Geology and Soils

Question 1

Composition of Earths crust

Answer 1

Oxygen, Silicon, Aluminum, and Magnesium

Question 2

Half-life

Answer 2

Time for radioactivity to reduce 1/2

Question 3

Volcanism

Answer 3

Most often associated with the plate boundaries

Question 4

Tropical Soil

Answer 4

Aluminum and Iron, nutrients leached out quickly

Question 5

Stages of coal formation

Answer 5

Peat, lignite, bituminous, anthracite

Question 6

Extinctions caused by human activities

Answer 6

When: Recent times

Question 7

Soil profiles

Answer 7

Very top layer is almost all organic material

Question 8

Characteristics of a Wetland

Answer 8

Must have water some part of the year, aquatic soil type, aquatic species.

Question 9

Emergent shoreline wetland plants zone

Answer 9

Littoral

Question 10

Calcium Carbonate used for

Answer 10

Scrubbing Sulphur

Question 11

Order of soil horizons

Answer 11

O {organic}
A {topsoil}
E {subsoil}
B {parent material} 
C
R {bedrock}

Question 12

“Zone of leaching” -which horizons?

Answer 12

{definition: topsoil to subsoil}

{horizons: A to E}

Question 13

Volcano types

Answer 13

Shield {wide, gentle slopes}

Basalt {high, cone shaped}

Question 14

Which plate boundary has most volcanoes?

Answer 14

Oceanic {contention convergent boundaries}

Question 15

New crust formed at what plate boundaries?

Answer 15

Divergent

Question 16

Soil with small particles and low permeability?

Answer 16

Clay

Question 17

Soil with great permeability?

Answer 17

Sand

Question 18

Found at converging oceanic plates

Answer 18

Trench {Marianas Trench}

Question 19

Appeared in what sequence?

Answer 19

Precambrian, Appalachians, Rockies, Pleistocene, Holocene.

Question 20

Mesozoic Era {also known as______}

Answer 20

The age of Reptiles

Question 21

Earths Seasons cause mainly by

Answer 21

Tilting/rotating of the Earth

Question 22

Region{s} of most of Earth’s crustal activity

Answer 22

Pacific Ocean

Question 23

Most eroded country

Answer 23

Madagascar

Question 24

3 most prevalent elements in the Earth’s crust

Answer 24

O {Oxygen}
Si {Silicon}
Al {Aluminum}
Mg {Magnesium}

Question 25

Examples of Sedimentary rock

Answer 25

Limestone, contains calcium carbonate {bone, shell material}

Question 26

Majority of Earth's crust rocks are what type?

Answer 26

Igneous

Question 27

P waves/ S waves

Answer 27

P { longitudinal and can travel through solid, liquid, or gas} S {transverse}

Question 28

Upward folding of rock strata

Answer 28

Anticline

Question 29

Earth's first atmosphere composed of

Answer 29

{mostly H2 and He}

Question 30

Earth's early gas formation

Answer 30

Volcanic out gassing

Question 31

Soil conservation practices

Answer 31

Alley cropping, terracing, crop resting, crop rotation

Question 32

Rain shadow effect

Answer 32

Tremendous amount of rain on windward side of mountain, no rain crosses over

Question 33

North hemisphere is mostly

Answer 33

Land

Question 34

South Hemisphere is mostly

Answer 34

Water

Question 35

When was the largest mass extinction {"The Great Dying"}?

Answer 35

Permian period

Question 36

Indicates genetic variability of a population

Answer 36

Mutations

Question 37

Use of plants to clean up soil

Answer 37

Phytoremediation

Question 38

Drip irrigation promises what

Answer 38

Increased efficiencies and improved crop yields

Question 39

Hyperaccumlation could one day be used to

Answer 39

Mine rare metals from the soil

Question 40

Bioventing is a process by which

Answer 40

Forces Oxygen into soil to promote biodegradation.

Question 41

Electrokinetic separation is

Answer 41

Electric current removing metals and polar organics from contaminated soil

Question 42

Mass extinctions affected

Answer 42

Large mammals {wooly mammoths and other mammals}

Question 43

Biome with shallow and nutrient poor soil

Answer 43

Tropical rain forest

Question 44

Number of mass extinctions

Answer 44

5

Question 45

Most abundant element in Earth's crust

Answer 45

Oxygen

Question 46

Most abundant element in Earth's atmosphere

Answer 46

Nitrogen

Question 47

Metal extracted from Bauxite

Answer 47

Aluminum

Question 48

Region with least fresh water per capita

Answer 48

Arabian Peninsula

Question 49

Largest hydroelectric dam

Answer 49

On one of the rivers in China {Asia}

Question 50

Desalination provide most of this region's fresh water

Answer 50

Middle East {Arabian Peninsula}