Unit 2 Grudge Ball Review

Question 1

Who named cells?

Answer 1

Hooke

Question 2

Give an example of a prokaryotic organism

Answer 2

bacteria

Question 3

Compare prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Give 2 similarities and 2 differences

Answer 3

both have DNA, ribosomes, and cell membrane
eukaryotes have nucleus and are larger
prokaryotes have no nucleus and are smaller

Question 4

What is the function of the nucleus?

Answer 4

holds DNA

Question 5

Name two cell structures involved in cell movement

Answer 5

cillia, flagellum

Question 6

State the three parts of the cell theory

Answer 6

All living things are made of cells.
Cells are the basic unit of structure and function
Cells come from existing cells

Question 7

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Answer 7

regulates what enters and exits cell

Question 8

Name two organelles involved in energy conversion

Answer 8

Chloroplasts and mitochondrion

Question 9

Channels and pumps are what type of molecules?

Answer 9

protein pump

Question 10

What type of organism has to carry out all life functions?

Answer 10

prokaryotes

Question 11

Which organelle breaks down old organelles?

Answer 11

lysosome

Question 12

Which organelle is the site of protein synthesis?

Answer 12

ribosome

Question 13

Which type of organism lacks a cell wall?

Answer 13

animal cell

Question 14

State the path a protein takes in a cell from production to excretion

Answer 14

protein leaves ER, go to Golgi, excretion

Question 15

Name two organelles present in plant cells that are missing from animal cells.

Answer 15

cell wall, chloroplast, large vacuole

Question 16

What is the function of the mitochondria?

Answer 16

cellular respiration (powerhouse)

Question 17

What is the function of the cell wall?

Answer 17

support and protect cell

Question 18

An animal cell will burst when placed in what type of solution?

Answer 18

hypertonic

Question 19

Which type of transport uses energy?

Answer 19

active

Question 20

Why do plants appear green?

Answer 20

reflect green light

Question 21

What gas is produced during photosynthesis?

Answer 21

oxygen

Question 22

Where do the light-dependent reactions take place?

Answer 22

thylakoid

Question 23

What is the equation for cellular respiration?

Answer 23

C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O (+ATP)

Question 24

What are the three stages of cellular respiration?

Answer 24

glycolysis, Kreb’s cycle, electron transport chain

Question 25

What organelle is the site of cellular respiration?

Answer 25

mitochondria

Question 26

Which organelle is the site of photosynthesis?

Answer 26

chloroplast

Question 27

What is the net gain of ATP from glycolysis?

Answer 27

2 ATP

Question 28

What type of fermentation occurs in humans?

Answer 28

lactic acid

Question 29

What are two reasons cells must divide?

Answer 29

DNA doesn't increase, processes happen better

Question 30

What is the advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction?

Answer 30

More genetic variety

Question 31

What events occur during interphase?

Answer 31

cell grows, DNA is copied, preparation for division

Question 32

What occurs during metaphase?

Answer 32

chromosomes line up at center of cell

Question 33

Describe cytokinesis in plants

Answer 33

cell plate forms between nuclei

Question 34

Describe cytokinesis in animal cells

Answer 34

cleavage furrow splits nuclei

Question 35

Define cancer

Answer 35

uncontrolled cell growth

Question 36

What process causes embryonic cells to become specialized?

Answer 36

differentiation

Question 37

Why are stem cells important?

Answer 37

They can become any type of cell (totipotent)

Question 38

State two structures that are present in both plant and animal cells

Answer 38

ribosomes, cytoplasm, mitochondria, nucleus, ER, Golgi, lysosomes

Question 39

Give the function of two organelles present in both plant and animal cells

Answer 39

nucleus; holds DNA mitochondria; cellular respiration ribosome; protein synthesis smooth ER; lipid synthesis, detox. rough ER; protein synthesis Golgi; process/package proteins lysosomes; cleans/recycles organelles

Question 40

State two different structures that are different between plant and animal cells.

Answer 40

chloroplast, lysosomes

Question 41

Give the functions of two organelles that are different between plant and animal cells

Answer 41

chloroplast is photosynthesis, lysosomes are recyclers

Question 42

What are the stages of mitosis in order?

Answer 42

Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Question 43

Describe what occurs during prophase and draw the cell

Answer 43

nuclear membrane disappears, chromosomes condense

Question 44

Describe what occurs during anaphase and draw the cell

Answer 44

chromosomes seperate

Question 45

Describe what occurs during telophase and draw the cell

Answer 45

nuclear membrane appears, chromosomes decondense

Question 46

Describe passive transport

Answer 46

moving high to low gradient, no energy needed: diffusion, facilitative diffusion, osmosis

Question 47

How does the number of chromosomes in daughter cells compare to the parent cell?

Answer 47

they will have the same number

Question 48

How does the DNA in one cell compare to the DNA of another cell within a multicellular organism?

Answer 48

the DNA is the same, the specialization and therefore shape is different

Question 49

What is the photosynthesis equation?

Answer 49

6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂

Question 50

List the two stages of photosynthesis

Answer 50

light-dependent, Calvin cycle

Question 51

How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration related to the carbon cycle?

Answer 51

CR releases carbon dioxide, PTS absorbs carbon dioxide

Question 52

Describe active transport

Answer 52

low to high gradient, need energy, uses protein pumps

Question 53

List the three stages of cellular respiration

Answer 53

glycolysis, Kreb's cycle, electron transport

Question 54

Explain the structure of the cell membrane

Answer 54

phospholipid bilayer

Question 55

List the levels of organization in a multicellular organism in order from smallest to largest

Answer 55

cell, tissue, organ, organ system

Question 56

Create a model/analogy for the levels of organization - cells, tissues, organs, organ systems

Answer 56

musician, stand partner, section, ensemble

Question 57

Would a cell with a high SA:V ratio or cell with a low SA:V ratio be more sucessful?

Answer 57

high ratio

Question 58

If a microscope has an ocular lens with 10x magnification and you are using the medium objective lens with 10 x magnification, what is the total magnification of your image?

Answer 58

100?

Question 59

Describe what occurs during metaphase and draw the cell

Answer 59

chromosomes line up at center of cell