Unit 2 : Human Resource Management Flashcards

Question

What is delegation?

Answer 1

Delegation refers to the passing on of authority and decision-making power to other.

Answer 2

Specific Measurable Agreed Realisitc Time-bound Ethical Recorded

Answer 3

Managers can focus on more important and organisationally focused tasks while still developing the skills of their employees Employees will feel involved and like they have some authority and competence, which could boost their motivation and productivity.

Answer 4

The term span of control refers to the number of people who are directly accountable to a managers or senior employee

Answer 5

more people answer to one managers bigger teams lesser levels - less costly - less effective communication, slow decision making - faster top-down communication

Answer 6

smaller teams less people answering to one managers more layers of hierarchy - more costly ~ more managerial positions - better cohesiveness and team work - tighter control and monitoring possible

Answer 7

M - manager ~experienced or new, skilled or not Monitoring Organisational culture - more tight control and monitoring ~ narrow SOC looser control more demoractic involvement ~ wide SOC Subordinates Task - urgent or not, creative or not

Answer 8

Organisation structure ccording of ranking system where each level has a different position with its associated level of power and authority.

Answer 9

Shows clear lines of authority - who reports to who Makes departments and teams - creates sense of belonging

Answer 10

Departmentalisation may lead to isolation can be inflexible and resistant to external change

Answer 11

The formal line of authority from which instructions and commands are passed from top to down

Answer 12

The execution of business operations acording to proper administrative and the formal rules and regulations of the organisations

Answer 13

An organisational strucutre where the decision making power and authority is concentrated in the hands of few people

Answer 14

Adv Better control of work Better sense of direction Quicker decision making Disadv Increased work load on few senior employees Reduced employee motivation More time taken due to number of decisions that need to be made

Answer 15

An organisational strucutre where the authority and decision making power is distributed across different levels of hierarchy.

Answer 16

Adv More creative input from employees - involvement can lead to creative and new ideas Increase motivation due to involvement Effective and quick decision making possible due to delegation Disadv Dilution of power and authority of managers Possibility of mistakes by employees and mangers Costly - delegation can be costly - managerial positions can be costly

Answer 17

Corporate culture - more creative emphasis, more teamwork ~ decentralised. mass production - centralised Organisation size - larger the org more the need of decentralisation Managerial attitudes - control freaks - centralised. Looser reins - decentralisation Importance of decision - very important and risky - centralized. Very creative base and not as time sensitive - decentralised

Answer 18

The removal of a layer of hierarchy from the organisation strucutre to flatter the OS and widen the span of control

Answer 19

Adv - money saved by cutting a managerial position - more oppurtunities for delegation - quicker decision making Disadv - anxiety around redundancies - increased work load for employees - Slower decision making

Answer 20

A type of OS where employees of different departments work together on a project basis

Answer 21

Adv - Breaking traditional communication barriers, promoting teamwork between dept - Sharing of ideas and skills across departments - Effective use of skill sets in different contexts Disadv - increased work load - both dept work and project work - confusing - report to 2 managers - Time consuming

Answer 22

A diagrammatic representations of the hierarchal organisation structure of a firm showing its levels of hierarchy, span of control and more

Answer 23

It is the process of problem solving and working towards achieving organisational objectives with the effective use of human and non human resources of the organisatin

Answer 24

Planning - tactical and strategic objectives Organising - delegation Commnanding - providing instructions Controlling - monitoring and keeping them in check Cohesiveness - harmony between departments

Answer 25

Leadership refers to the process of influencing, invigorating, and inspiring workers. Leaders focus on long term ogoals, are more radical and risk taking, and set a corporate culture of hope and change

Answer 26

the ways in which decision makers reveal the behaviour

Answer 27

- Authority and control lies in the hands of the leader - No delegation - Clear chain of command Makes sense when : leader is very experienced and suboardinates are not task is important and time sensitive Drawbacks : resentments lack of involvment can lead to lack of motivation overdependence on leader

Answer 28

- Father like guidance and advisory leadership style - exceptional organisational skills - acts in their best interests - close supervision - builds trust within team Negatvie - treats them like children and controls them Positive - thinks of them as highly skilled and guides and develops them WORKS IN COUNTRIES WITH HIGH RESPECT FOR LEADERS AND IN A TALLER OS

Answer 29

- Involves employees in the decision making process - Delegates task and involves them - Trusts them with work - Gives them autonomy - Decentralised - Boost morale and satisfaction Works when - employees are skilled Work is creative and not time sensitive Drawbacks - not appropriate for a large workforce, delays decision making

Answer 30

leaders have minimal input give clear instructions and expectations to workers and allow workers to have autonomy over their own process Appropriate when : employees are skilled Work is creative and not time sensitive leader cannot be around all the time Drawbacks - there could be miscommunication might encourage slack and complacency absence of support and guidance

Answer 31

Depends. CLOT culture Leader Organisation strucutre Task

Answer 32

Leader Subordinates Culture Org size Task

Answer 33

Motivation refers to the desire, effort and passion to achieve something. willingness to complete a task or jon wth intent or purpose

Answer 34

boosts morale reduced interoffice conflict reduced turnover reduves absenteeism rates corporate image is improved

Answer 35

Money is the number one and best motivator - All that matters to employees in financial remuneration - Producitivty can be be improved by setting precise specific goals related to pay - Managers responsibility to set the expectations - division of labour - differentiated piecework - work till standard and then get a bonus

Answer 36

Physiological - good working conditions, healthy air water food, money pay Security - job security , paid leave predictability Social - teamwork, departments Esteem - promotion recognition Self actualisation - working because they enjoyed the work Criticism - levels are hard to measure - not applicable to everyone

Answer 37

two factor hygiene - need to be there motivators- intellectual growth - enlargement ~ more work, more interesting work - enrichment ~ more complex work to develop skills empowerment

Answer 38

Financial reward fixed at an annual rate but paid on a regular basis Doesnt encourage hard work cannot reward creativity

Answer 39

Payment according to output incentivises hard work but may lead to quant over quality

Answer 40

Pays workers a fixed percentage of sales or output might lead to aggressive sales not always constant or steady

Answer 41

Rewards employees who meet output related goal with pay rise bonus gratuity creates a culture of hard work but can encourage unhealthy competition doesnt encourage teamwork non financial motivators are not there

Answer 42

Payed according to profit made by firm Surplus but usually goes to senior employees used to strengthen firm loyalty helps promote team work

Answer 43

Giving shares in the manner of remuneration deosnt work for everyone

Answer 44

financial perks insurance, memberships, retirement, education

Answer 45

Making a job more interesting or challenging more responsibilites greater autonomy and authority psychological skill growth increased workload more money spent on training jobs shouldnt be too challenging

Answer 46

Multiple jobs with multiskilling makes it interesting prevents boredom labour mobility reduced losses due to absenteeism

Answer 47

broadening the number of tasks an employee performs reduces montony extra work demoralising

Answer 48

Delegation Worker Involvement Training and Development

Answer 49

Operations management is concerned with providing the right goods and right services with the right quality in the right quantity in a cost-effective and timely manner

Answer 50

To add value to the factors of production and turn them into goods and services in a cost effective and efficient way

Answer 51

Refers to the specific methods by which production, the process of turning input into output by adding value, takes place

Answer 52

Refers to an operation method in which each product is created in a personalised, individual manner catering to the clients needs and wants - from start to finish

Answer 53

Advantages - Motivation - employees are motivated as they are involed and get to work and use their skills on each product - Quality is high due to highly skilled labour - Flexibility of product is a marketing bonus. can cater to needs of client - Uniqueness of production of skill can be a USP - A variety of choices offered to the client Disdvantages - Labour intensive - expensive have to give attractive remuneration pakages and training is expensive - Too much time between order and payment - Not regular orders - Few economies of scale oppurtunities

Answer 54

Operation method which simultaenously produces a number of identical products

Answer 55

Adv Economies of scale - technical and purchasing Variety of products can be made in batches still at a low cost Reduces the risk of creating only one product a time Disadv Storage space. money lost in inventroy Labour can get boring and repetitive Capital intensive and expensive Inflexible

Answer 56

operation method of producing homogenous standardised products in large amounts

Answer 57

A type of mass production that has continuous and progressive processes in sequence to assemble a standardised product

Answer 58

Adv Large volumes of output are possible Cost effect - technical EOS Standardised products (quality maintained) specialised mechines ( increased productitivty) Low labour costs Diadv - No customisation cause of standardisation - Work is montonous or boring for workers - Flaws in system or products can lead to large scale losses. inflexible - Capital intensive high set up costs

Answer 59

combination of different methods flexible manufacturing of mass produce products to meet individual customer demands and needs

Answer 60

The term location refers to the geographical position of an organisation, i.e where it is sited

Answer 61

Avai : City centres - more demand less supply thereofre vey expensive Outside of city, more space readily available and at lower costs Suitability - city centres close to foot traffic, helps raise brand awareness, clustering - dangerous products outside city - agricultural products out of city - products where manufacturing and selling happens seperately Cost - city more expensive rural - less expensive

Answer 62

city centre is close to accesible labour, specialist schools universities housing More expensive, higher cost of living Mass production - take rural lesser skilled workers if using highly educated skilled workers be ready to pay them more

Answer 63

Weight increasing industries , i.e product who gain weight through their prodcution process should be located close to the market to reduce transportation costs of the heavier finished product.

Answer 64

Weight decreasing industries If raw materials weight > finished product weight then save on transportation costs in transporting raw materials

Answer 65

Management preferences - personal reasons - familiarity - caring for welfare of employees - insinct Local knowledge - local knowledge lends a competitive edge Political stability Looking for political harmony, no corruption, a good law and order system, a steady exchange rate, good taxation rate

Answer 66

The quality of infrastucture matters because it affects quality of manufacturing - Transportation networks ~ decide how efficient transport of raw materials and of finished products are. decide how easily employees can access the office - Communication networks - telephone networks, internet networks ease of communication - Support networks - essential services , fuel, water, electricity

Answer 67

Clustering refers to a location strategy in which businesses locate themselves around other businesses of the same type, either manufacturing or retail, to take advantage of common customers or raw materials.

Answer 68

refers to a way of reoganising prodution by transfering non core internal activities to an external organisation to reduce costs AND INCREASE PRODUCTIVITY

Answer 69

A subcontracter refers to an external organisation that takes the non-core activites of another organisation

Answer 70

- Use of specialists ensures high quality work - Subcontracter contracts are usually bid on so the price gets very competitive - convenient for organisation - They can focus on core activites that actually matter - Reduces labour costs because you dont have to pay subcontracters remuneration

Answer 71

Subcontracters may cut corners and perform the taks unethically - which could have an immense negative effect on the organisation - Trusting someone external with a task can be risky and it may not meet the quality standards - Monitoring outsourced work can be time consuming and expensive - Can cause redundancies and anxiety about job security

Answer 72

Refers to a type of ooutsorcing where business functions are relocated overseas

Answer 73

Adv - Can avoid protectionist trade policies - Can avoid steep taxation - Creates job oppurtunitys in host country Disadv - Subject to changes in external environment - Might have to compete with domestic companies

Answer 74

Insourcing refers to a way of reorganising production in which a non-core activity that would otherwise have outsourced is handled or executed internally using the companies own resources

Answer 75

- Bad outsourcing experience - Outsourcing is not cost effective

Answer 76

Reshoring refers to relocating a orgs operations back to its home country Why? Avoid political unstability Product recalls and customer feedback To reduce transportation costs Create jobs in host country To prevent disruptions due to other events ( COVID)

Unit 2 : Human Resource Management Flashcards

(100 cards)