Unit 2: Introduction to the medical entomology

Question 1

Entomology in general

Answer 1

the study of insects

Question 2

Entomology in the Air Force

Answer 2

broadens the definition to include all arthropods, rodents, birds, snakes,plants, wild carnivores, and any other NON-HUMAN living organism that can injure and/or infect military personnel, in turn creating a negative impact on the Air Force mission

Question 3

Medical Treatment Facility Commander (MTF/CC)

Answer 3

Ultimately is responsible for the Medical Entomology Program. Execution of the MTF/CC’s responsibilities is delegated to Public Health and Bio Engineering

Question 4

Base Civil Engineering

Answer 4

CE Pest Management runs the Air Force entomology program.

Question 5

Public Health and Pest Management work together in the following areas to control disease vectors and Medical pests; however, CE is responsible for the following:

Answer 5

1. Provides pest control through the use of physical, chemical, biological, cultural, and regulatory control means
2. Ensures that’s pest managers are trained and certified to do their jobs through certified applicators licensing
3. Ensures Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) standards for protection of the environment and health are met
4. Ensures that pest managers have a baseline and periodic occupational physicals, as appropriate

Question 6

United States Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine (USAFSAM)
USAFSAM/PHR

Answer 6

Epidemiology and Risk Assessment Division- an assigned entomologist tasked by regulation to provide medical entomology assistance to base level Public Health

Question 7

USAFSAM/PHD-Public Health Education Division

Answer 7

provides information and training on medical education to: Team Aerospace Medicine students, DoD Preventive Medicine personnel, CE pest management personnel, coalition (international) students and civilian entomology/preventive medicine equivalents

Question 8

Public Health

Answer 8

1. Vector surveillance: Determine the identity and source and of arthropods and other animals of medical importance
2. Personal Protection Education: Educate Airman/Guardian on proper use of personal protection equipment to protect against arthropods and the disease they transmit
3. Vector and medical pest control: work with pest managers (CE) to ensure their control measures are effective and that vector breeding areas are eliminated.
4. Occupational Health Exams: Monitor occupational exam status and results of pest management personnel
5. Act as a consultant to the USDA and base organizations for the DoD Pre-clearance program

Question 9

AFI 48-101, Aerospace Medicine Enterprise

Answer 9

outlines the Medical Treatment Facility (MTF) commanders role in executing medical entomology programs. The MTF Commander(MTF/CC) delegates these responsibilities to the Public Health (PH) and Bio Engineering (BEE) flights

Question 10

AFI 48-102 Medical Entomology Program

Answer 10

defines the PH, BEE, Civil Engineering (CE) and USAF School of Aerospace Medicine (USAFSAM) specific responsibilities

Question 11

AFMAN 32-1053, Integrated Pest Management Program ( a Civil Engineering document)-

Answer 11

defines the CE pest management mission, as well as the PH and BEE role within the pest management program

Question 12

DoD Pre-clearance Program

Answer 12

is in place to significantly reduce the introduction of contraband and agricultural pest into the U.S. territory

Question 13

Defense Transportation Regulation (DTR) 4500.9R- Part V- Department of Defense customs and Border clearance Policies and Procedures-chapter 506-

Answer 13

defines the roles and responsibilities for the people involved and the equipment clearance process for the DoD Pre-clearance Program

Question 14

Entomological Operational Risk Assessment, Step 1

Answer 14

Pre-deployment- Modifications based on anticipated circumstances of deployment (e.g. living conditions, duration, etc.)
Obtain the best possible information about entomological and other infectious disease risks to the U.S. Forces
Primary Source- National Center of Medical Intelligence (NCMI) Infectious Disease Risk Assessment (IDRA) These assessments assume field conditions without countermeasures
Tailor risk assessment with specific pre-deployment FHP recommendations (e.g. immunizations, PPE, chemoprophylaxis etc.)

Question 15

Entomological Operational Risk Assessment, Step 2

Answer 15

During Deployment-Evaluate risk on-site through surveillance
on site vector surveillance
DNBI or DI surveillance
Monitor DEFINITIVE risk assessment and FHP recommendations based on on-site surveillance data

Question 16

Entomological Operational Risk Assessment Step 3

Answer 16

Post-deployment- communicate on-site risk assessment to chain of command and AFPMB, which leads to improved NCMI risk assessments
No better or more authoritative data than that gathered directly on-site
Include entomology risk assessment data in After Action Reports ( AARs)
on-site information helpful to future personnel rotations

Question 17

Vector

Answer 17

Non-human organism that transmits a pathogen from host to host

Question 18

Pest

Answer 18

Any animal, arthropod, plant or other organism that has characteristics, which humans regard as injurious or harmful

Question 19

Pathogen

Answer 19

organism whose presence in or on a host may cause disease

Question 20

Host

Answer 20

Person or living animal that’s provided food and lodging to an infectious agent

Question 21

Reservoir

Answer 21

person, animal, arthropod, plant, soil, or substance in which an infectious agent normally lives & multiplies. The infectious agent depends primarily on the reservoir for survival. It is also where the infectious agent reproduces itself in a manner that it can be transmitted to a susceptible host.

Question 22

USAFSAM/PHR-Epidemiology & Risk Assessment Division- The entomologist provides:

Answer 22

1. Consultation on vector-borne diseases, disease vectors, their prevention and control
2. Identify specimens collected in base collections as required
3. Provide on-site assistance when there is a vector-borne disease outbreak,or when an aerial spray validation survey is needed

Question 23

Bioenvironment engineering

Answer 23

1. Provides guidance on pesticides procurement, use, storage, and disposal
2. Monitor the potential effects of pesticides on personnel and the environment

Question 24

DoD Pre-Clearance Program

Answer 24

1. is a cooperative effort between USTRANSCOM, USCENTCOM, Department of Homeland Security’s Customs and Border Protection, and Department of Agriculture (USDA) Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
2. USDA is responsible for providing guidance, advice, consultation, and training
3. Air Force inspections are conducted by Logistic Readiness and Aerial Port personnel. CE provides control when needed and Public Health provides specific consultation when requested
4. Program designed to ensure that the DoD is not responsible for transporting any non-native animal/insects species to a new location