Unit 2 - Israel and Empire Babylon to Rome

Question 1

order of empires 7

Answer 1

babylonia, persia, greece, egypt (ptolomies), syria (seleucids), hasamoneans, rome

Question 2

exile

Answer 2

king nebechudnezer of babylon destroyed jerusalem and its temple in 596 bc and took many fro israel into exile in babylon

Question 3

persia and king cyrus

Answer 3

persia defeated babylon in 539 bc and king cyrus allowed jerish exiles to return

Question 4

main changes after exile 3

Answer 4

jewish people now speak aramaic as everyday language, stress on piety in prayer and study, synagogue likely emerged

Question 5

alexander the great

Answer 5

over 333-332bc, alexander the great of macedeon (a province in greece) swept across eastern world, defeated persion king, occupied egypt, defeated king poruis of india

Question 6

hellenism

Answer 6

under alex, theatres, gyms, schools, govs, universal money introduced greek culture

Question 7

after alex’s death

Answer 7

his empire divided among his generals

Question 8

ptolemaic rule 2

Answer 8

alex’s general ptolomy I Soter (savior) ruled egypt as king, largely let israel run its own affairs

Question 9

hellenization during ptolemaic rule 3

Answer 9

maintained significant influence both in egypt and israel, eroding tradnal jewish culture, greek became common language

Question 10

seleucid/syrian rule

Answer 10

another of alexander’s generals, seleucus I nicator (conquerer) eventually ruled much of babylon, asia minor, and syria, where antioch was founded as the capital

Question 11

antiochus iii

Answer 11

one of seleucus’ successors, expanded rule southward, taking israel from the ptolemies in 198 bc, but lost significant battle to the moving in rome less than a decade later

Question 12

antiochus iv epipanes 3

Answer 12

one of the seleucids, especially ambitious and opressive, ruthlessly resisted jewish attempt at rebellion by sacking jerusalem and descrating the temple and using it for three years as a centre of qorship for zeus

Question 13

maccabean revolt 5

Answer 13

led by hasidim (pious ones), against seleucid oppression in the form of guerilla warfare, led by maccabean family, syrians retreat and maccabeans reestavlish jewish way of life, temple cleaned and reddicated (since celebrated at hannakuh)

Question 14

maccabean family

Answer 14

matthais and his sons, including judas, simon, and jonathon

Question 15

hasmonean dynasty 2

Answer 15

the maccabean family and heirs formed the hasmonean dynasty, the first of jewish independence in centuries (first united since solomon) and last freedom until 1948

Question 16

pompey 2

Answer 16

the roman empire expanded eastward to include egypt and syria, and israel was caught in the middle, pompey (leading roman commander) overran rudea and jerusalem putting them under roman rule with antipater as rome’s local representative

Question 17

parthinians

Answer 17

briefly displaced rome from israel, but roman rule was regained and senate declared antipaters son herod to be their new disgnate entitled “king of the jews”

Question 18

herod the great 5

Answer 18

worked to please rome, prospered israel through various building projects, but mixed ethnicity made him an outsider to hasmonean family, always weary of rivals including newborn king Jesus, did all he could to hold power to the very end

Question 19

herod the great’s building projects 4

Answer 19

fortresses, harbor at caeusarea, rebuilding jerusalem, rebuilding temple

Question 20

israel divided 3+1

Answer 20

herod the great’s kingdom dicided among 3 of his sons
- archelaus - judea
- herod antipas - galilee and perea
- philip - northern areas, what’s left

Question 21

archelaus 3

Answer 21

his rule was unstable, unpopular and short lived, delegations from both jews and samaritans appealed to emporer augustus sent archelaus to gaul in exile, replaced with roman rule in the form of prefects and procurators

Question 22

main issues with rome 3

Answer 22

socio-economic oppression, corruption, violation of jewish religious beliefs, practices and sensibilities

Question 23

1st jewish revolt 3

Answer 23

66-70ad, crushed by roman generals vespasian and his son titus, jerusalem and temple destroyed