Unit 2 - KA2.1 Field Techniques

Question 1

What is a risk assessment?

Answer 1

document that - identifies the potential hazards- assesses the likelihood of them happening- clearly describes the steps that can be taken to minimize their occurrence

Question 2

What are the four hazards involved in field work?

Answer 2

• Terrain
• Weather Conditions
• Isolation
• Tides

Question 3

What can you do to prepare for- terrains- tides

Answer 3

• Appropriate footwear
• consult tide tables

Question 4

How should sampling be carried out

Answer 4

manner that minimizes impact on wild species and habitats

Question 5

What are the three main sampling techniques

Answer 5

• Transect Surveys
• Point count
• Remote detection

Question 6

Describe a transect study

Answer 6

• a transect is a line along which different samples can be taken
• set up in an area where abiotic factors are changing
• plant abundance/abundance of sessile organisms are sampled
• Can use quadrats or meters

Question 7

What is a point count? Give an example of a species that is sampled using a point count

Answer 7

• sampling technique where counting all the species seen/heard in a given area over a set period of time
• stationary point
• comparisons can be made throughout the year
  Example - birds

Question 8

Give a sampling technique that can be used for elusive species

Answer 8

Remote detection

Question 9

Give examples of remote detection

Answer 9

-Scat sampling
-Camera traps

Question 10

What are the three approaches of sampling?

Answer 10

-Random
-Stratified
-Systematic

Question 11

Describe random sampling

Answer 11

Individuals selected from the larger populations must be chosen completely at chance

Question 12

What is this an example of? 10 people from each year were chosen to complete a health test

Answer 12

Stratified

Question 13

What type of sampling are transect surveys?

Answer 13

Systematic

Question 14

How can a species be identified?

Answer 14

• Classification guides
• Biological Keys
• Lab Analysis of DNA

Question 15

What is a benefit of being familiar with taxonomic groupings?

Answer 15

Allows predictions to be made about the biology of an unknown or lesser-known organism

Question 16

What is a model organism?

Answer 16

Model organisms are organisms that scientists already know a lot about and have been studying for many years

Question 17

Give examples of model organisms

Answer 17

E. coli, Drosophila, Yeast and Mice

Question 18

Give a benefit of model organisms

Answer 18

Help biologists understand many processes that happen in organisms that are harder to studyLet scientists make predictions about more complex organisms

Question 19

Give a benefit to humans of model organisms

Answer 19

Knowledge of pathway in one organism can provide insight into same pathway in humans

Question 20

What is the difference between convergent and divergent evolution?

Answer 20

convergent - organisms who are not closely related, same pressures, develop similar phenotypes
divergent - closely related species with different selection pressures, develop opposite phenotypes

Question 21

What are the three domains of life?

Answer 21

• Archae
• Bacteria
• Eukaryota

Question 22

What are three main animal kingdom divisions

Answer 22

1 - chordata
2 - arthropoda
3 - nematoda

Question 23

What about a indicator species can give information on the quality of the environment

Answer 23

It’s presence, absence or abundance

Question 24

What can biodiversity of lichen species in an area indicate

Answer 24

the levels of sulphur dioxide in the air

Question 25

What is the mark and recapture equation

Answer 25

n = mc/r n - estimate of total population m - number captured and released in first sample c - number captured in second sample r - number of marked recaptured in second sample

Question 26

what can marking techniques not do

Answer 26

make the animal more conspicuous (this will affect the "r" value)

Question 27

what are the assumptions made when doing a mark and recapture

Answer 27

- all individuals have an equal chance of capture - no immigration or emigration during study - no birth or death during sample time - sampling methods are the same each time

Question 28

What are some methods of marking

Answer 28

- banding - tagging - surgical implantation - painting - hair clipping

Question 29

What is ethology?

Answer 29

the study of animal behaviour

Question 30

What is an ethogram?

Answer 30

the recording of all observed behaviours shown by a species over a particular period of time

Question 31

What is the application of human qualities to animal behaviours?

Answer 31

anthropomorphism

Question 32

What is the issues with anthropomorphism when carrying out an ethogram?

Answer 32

Can lead to invalid conclusions.

Question 33

What data points are recorded in an ethogram?

Answer 33

Latency - is the time between the stimulus occurring and the response behaviour. Frequency - is the number of times a behaviour occurs within the observation period. Duration - is the length of time each behaviour occurs during the observation period.