Unit 2 Key Concepts Flashcards
(22 cards)
Development
In the context of economics, the improvement in quality of life and well-being of a population. Includes aspects like economic growth, improved healthcare/education, technological advancement, equality, sustainability of environment, political stability.
Ways to measure the development of a country
GDP (value of goods and services produced in a year)
HDI (Human Development Index)
SDGs (Sustainable Development Goals)
HPI (Human Poverty Index)
Migration
When people travel to a different country or place by their own choice, usually for finding work opportunities or better living conditions.
Developing Countries
Developing countries are low-income sovereign states that tend to have lower GDPs, low HDI, and poor economies compared to other countries.
Human Development Index (HDI)
Index that measures success of human development in different countries, looking at life expectancy, education, income per capita to rank all countries. HDI is ranked from 0-1, and Switzerland comes at first place with a HDI of 0.967
Emerging Economies
An emerging economy is a country that has begun to experience higher rates of economic growth.
Reasons for migration
Different reasons for migrating are:
Economic - finding work
Social - better quality life, for family/friends
Political - escape persecution (unfair treatment from gov) or war
Environmental - escape natural disasters
Factors categorised by push and pull factors
Remittances
Money sent back home by migrants, where there is usually an extra fee to pay
Refugees
Asylum seekers that are recognised as a refugee and given some form of safety (refugee camp most common) from a different country. Not a choice to leave their country but a necessity to avoid harm.
Asylum seeker
An asylum seeker is someone seeking safety from push factors (have to leave) like war/conflict
Sustainability
The ability to maintain or support a process continuously over time. Sustainable development is meeting the needs of today while ensuring that future generations can also meet their needs
Fair Trade
Countries can buy and sell products to each other with making sure that the producer receives a fair price.
Free Trade
Countries can buy and sell products to each other without paying taxes, making it easy to move products between countries at low costs. It is better for the buyer not needing to pay extra but harms the producer that produces the good more cheaply.
Culture
The way of life, customs, and beliefs of people in a particular country.
Cultural globalisation
Different cultures are becoming more and more alike, known as cultural globalisation where the rapid spread of ideas and values between people in different places influence the changes in culture and development, making many cultural aspects now alike.
Globalisation
How trade and technology makes the world connected and more interdependent. Cultural globalisation is the sharing of cultural aspects to connect different countries making them all similar.
National Identity
A person’s identity related to their state or nation.
Cultural identity
Cultural identity is the shared characteristics of a group of people belonging to a particular culture.
Push Factors
Factors affecting migration that are reasons why people would want to leave the area
Such as:
Lack of services
Lack of safety
High crime rates
Natural disasters
Poverty
Unemployment
War or persecution
Pull Factors
Factors affecting migration that are reasons why people would be attracted to a new area
Such as:
Safer environment
Less crime rates
Stable climate
Job opportunities
Closer to family
Political stability
International Migration
International migration is when people migrating within their own country or region, usually for education, economic improvement, natural disasters, and other reasons.
Discrimination
Unfair treatment towards different categories of people typically based on their age, sex, race, disability.
