Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

All Path Review 700 > Unit 2 Lymphatics And Immunopath > Flashcards

Unit 2 Lymphatics And Immunopath Flashcards

(78 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Anasarca

A

Generalized edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Ascites

A

Edema within the peritoneal cavity

Aka hydroperitoneum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Exudate

A

Edema typical of inflammation (increased vascular permeability)

High in proteins and cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Edema

A

Excess fluid in tissues or body cavities caused by mechanisms that involve blood flow, composition of plasma, the vessel wall and the adjacent tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Transudate

A

Ultrafiltrate of plasma that contains few, if any, cells and does not contain plasma proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Transudate can result from

A

Increased hydrostatic pressure
Reduced oncotic pressure
Lymphatic obstruction
Sodium retention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Fluid movement across blood vessel walls is determined by

A

Hydrostatic pressure

Oncotic pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Hydrostatic Pressure

A

At arterial end of capillary
The outward pressure exerted by fluids on the vessel walls

Greater hydrostatic pressure on venous side promotes the passage of fluid into interstitial fluids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Oncotic Pressure

A

The pressure due to the presence of colloids in the bloods – draws fluids toward it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Colloids

A

Any large molecule such as starch or protein, in fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Inflammatory Edema

A

Fluid leaking through walls made more permeable by inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Hydrostatic Edema

A

Increased movement of fluid due to increased intravascular pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Oncotic Edema

A

Results from decreased plasma proteins (especially albumin) or decreased colloid osmotic pressure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Obstructive Edema

A

Rare. Mostly results from parasites or tumour cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Hypervolemic Edema

A

Retention of sodium and water due to kidney dysfunction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Lymphangitis

A

Acute inflammation of lymphatics of an extremity

Typically caused by pyrotechnic bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Lymphedema

A

Lymphatic obstruction resulting in decreased drainage of interstitial fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Mononucleosis

A

Epstein-Barr virus

Lymph node enlargement, fever, sore throat, fatigue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Poliomyelitis

A

Viral

Attacks anterior horn neurons. –> paralysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

SLE

A

Systemic lupus erythematosus

Multi system autoimmune disease

Defect in suppressor T cells –> B cells run wild –> Ab-Ag complexes deposit in tissues (Type 3 inflammation)

More common in women, young adults, blacks

Corticosteroids, cyclophosphamide, kidney transplant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

SLE: Sx

A 
Kidney (75%)
Butterfly rash (30-60%)
Anemia
Arthritis
Glomerulonephritis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

HIV has an affinity for

A

T helper cells and monocytes (also macrophages, microglia)g

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

HIV/AIDS suppresses

A

Cell mediated immunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Phases of HIV/AIDS

A
  1. Acute
  2. Asymptomatic
  3. Generalized lymphadenopathy
  4. AIDS
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
% water in body
60% total body weight (4.5% plasma, 19% extracellular, 35% intracellular) 2/3 intracellular 1/3 extracellular.
26
HIV/AIDS Dx
HIV antibodies Decreased ratio of CD4+:CD8+ Opportunistic infections
27
Infection
Disease caused by microorganisms, especially those that release toxins or invade tissue
28
Colonization
Harmless or useful residence by microorganisms within the body
29
7 sources of infection
``` 1 virus 2 bacteria 3 Protozoa 4 fungi 5 helminthes 6 mycobacteria 7 prions ```
30
Virus
A pathogen made of nucleus acid inside a protein shell Always pathogens Need host cell to reproduce.
31
Bacteria
Unicellular organism without a true nucleus or organelles
32
Protozoa
Unicellular animal-like microorganism. Usually harmless
33
Helminthes
Worms
34
Mycobacteria
Bacteria with fungal properties
35
Prions
Small proteinaceous infectious particle
36
Phases of infection
Incubation Prodromal Acute
37
Vector of infection
A living creature that transmits infections. The Intermediate source (like a mosquito)
38
Vehicle of infection
Inanimate object that transmits the infection | Food, bedding, surgical instrument, etc
39
Reservoir of infection
A reservoir of an infectious agent, such as a virus, is any animal, person, plant, soil, substance—or combination of any of these — in which the infectious agent normally lives
40
Fomite
Science-y word for a vehicle (inanimate object the transmits infection)
41
A reservoir that doesn't develop the illness themselves
Carrier
42
Three lines of defence
First line: mechanical barriers Second line: inflammation (nonspecific immunity) Third line: acquired (adaptive) immunity
43
Virulence
The number of organisms and the duration of exposure needed to start the infectious process in a new host. The degree and power of pathogenicity
44
Mode of action
How organism produces pathologic process.
45
Nosocomial infection
Arising from hospital setting
46
Bacteria shaped like balls
Cocci
47
Rod shaped bacteria
Bacilli
48
Spiral shaped bacteria
Spirochettes
49
Staphylococci
Leading cause of nosocomial and community acquired infection. Nonmotile, anaerobic, hardy Over 30 subtypes
50
S aureus
Most common staph infectionp Antibody resistance a problem (MRSA) ``` Osteomyelitis Respiratory tract infections Infectious arthritis Septicaemia Endocarditis TSS Food poisoning Cellulitis, mastitis ```
51
How is streptococcus categorized
According to hemolytic properties. Group A: oxidation of hemoglobin (S pyrogenes) Group B: total lysis (S agalactiae)
52
S pyogenes
Streptococcus pyogenes One of the most common pathogens of any age A-type. Suppurative and non-suppurative ``` Strep pharyngitis Scarlet fever Impetigo Cellulitis Necrotizing fasciitis ```
53
S agalactiae
Streptococcus agalactiae B-type Leading cause of neonatal pneumonia, meningitis, sepsis -- infrequent in adults
54
S pneumonia
Streptococcus pneumonia, or pneumococcus Most common cause of community acquired pneumonia, and of bacterial meningitis in adults Pneumonia Sepsis Otitis media Meningitis Very old and very young most vulnerable Often follows infection, cold
55
Meningococcal infection
Meningitis and septicaemia
56
Obligate anaerobes
Live and geek in absence of O2 -- may find oxygen toxic
57
Facultative anaerobes
Can live with O2, can live without it.
58
Anaerobic bacterial infections
Usually necrotic, devascularized tissue Usually suppurative --> abscesses, necrosis
59
Common anaerobic pathogens
Diphtheria Plague Botulism Cholera
60
Diphtheria
Corynebacterium diphtheria | Nonspecific skin infections Pseudomembranous pharyngitis Followed by myocardial and neural damage
61
Plague
Yersina pestis Severe pneumonia Massive lymphadenopathy (buboes) Septicaemia Highly contagious
62
Botulism
Clostridium botulinum Food or wound borne Interferes with release of ACh at NMJ --> paralysis
63
Cholera
Vibrio cholerae Copious diarrhea Dehydrator oliguria shock
64
Spirochette infections
Lyme disease | Syphyllis
65
Lyme disease
Borrelia burgdorferi Skin lesion Bulls eye rash (erythema migrans) Neurological Sx GI issues Arthritis-like symptoms
66
Mycobacterial infections
Leprosy | TB
67
TB
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Caseous granulomas (Latent) When activated "secondary" Pneumonia meningitis pericarditis urogenital infections 3rd leading cause of preventable death
68
The herpes family of viruses includes
``` HSV1 HDV2 Varicella zoster virus Epstein Barr virus Cytomegalovirus ```
69
Chicken pox is caused by
Varicella zoster virus
70
Herpes zoster
Shingles
71
Epstein Barr virus
Mononucleosis | Fatigue, malaise, sore throats
72
Cytomegalovirus
Common. | Sx similar to mono but can cause congenital defects if mother infected (TORCH)
73
Enterovirus
Poliovirus Causes polio myelitis Highly contagious
74
Influenza virus
Viral respiratory infection Fever cough headache nasal discharge malaise
75
Rhinovirus
Causes common cold Upper respiratory tract infection Acute afebrile self-limiting Runny nose cough sore throat
76
Mycosis
Any disease caused by a fungus
77
Fungal pneumonia
Pneumocystis carinii Pneumocystis jirovecii Rare and very serious
78
Candida albicans
Yeast infection

All Path Review 700 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions