Unit 2 Metabolic Processes Flashcards
(34 cards)
First Law of Thermodynamics
Energy can be transferred or transformed but not created or destroyed
Kinetic Energy
Energy from moving objects
Potential Energy
Energy that is stored typically in the bonds of molecules
Bond Energy
Minimum amount of energy needed to break a bond
-measured: kJ/mol
Activation Energy
Minimum amount of energy needed to start a reaction
Transition State
A state where molecules are neither a substrate or product
Exothermic Reaction
Chemical rxn where products have less potential energy than reactants
-rxn releases energy
Endothermic Reaction
Chemical rxn where products have more potential energy than reactants
-rxn absorbs energy
Second Law of Thermodynamics
In every reaction some of the energy in the system becomes unusable and increases the entropy of the universe.
Spontaneous Change
Change that continues to happen on its own after an event
Free Energy
Energy that can be used by a system without external input or cost
Exergonic Reaction
Releases free energy
-does occur spontaneously
-ΔG-
Endergonic Reaction
Absrobs free energy
-does not occur spontaneously
-ΔG+
Gibbs Free Energy
Energy in rxn that is not lost to the environment and is available to do work
-ΔG = G(final state) – G(initial state)
Work
The transfer of energy from one body place to another
Catabolic Pathway
The breaking down of complex molecules into simple ones
-release energy
Anabolic Pathway
Creates molecules for growth and other processes
-Uses energy
Phosphorylation
The attachment of a phosphate group to another organic molecule using ATP
ATP cycle
-ATP+ H2O (exergonic rxn hydrolyzing ATP that releases energy for endergonic rxn in cells)
-ADP+Pi (exergonic rxn that releases energy to produce ATP through endergonic rxns)
-H2O is removed
ATP molecule
Adenine (a nitrogenous base)
Ribose
Chain of 3 phosphate groups
ATP uses
ATP is a chemical compound that cells use as their
major source of energy.
ATP powers nearly all cellular function.
ATP is a molecule that contains a large amount of
free energy.
ATP Hydrolysis
Chemical reaction that breaks phosphate groups.
Regerating ATP -> ATP Synthesis
endergonic reaction and requires
energy to occur
O bonds
-high electronegativity so electrons cannot move as freely
-lower energy due to breaking O bonds take a lot of energy
